Anabolic Steroids in Major League Baseball Essay - 1824 Words

Major League Baseball’s (MLB) commissioners are debating about the anabolic steroids situation that is occurring in professional baseball today. To many professionals are getting accused of using the harmful drug. Professional baseball players are getting tested twice a year for anabolic substances throughout the course of the regular season. In order to stop steroids in MLB, commissioners should pass random drug testing. Tony Larussa stated, â€Å"By having random drug tests, it would make the game of baseball true once again.† Steroids are ruining the game of baseball, and the commissioners need to decide on something soon. By having random drug tests in Major League Baseball throughout the season, it would fix the problems that baseball is†¦show more content†¦Steroids can also cause hair loss, formation of â€Å"Mini breasts† and penile shrinking and low to no sperm production. Steroids can also cause heart disease, pain while urinating, HIV/aids fro m sharing needles, and cancer. Withdraw symptoms also start up after taking â€Å"roids†. Illness, dizziness, vision problems, anxiety, and depression are just some of the problems that can happen to the body and mind. Steroids not only affect the body but also the mind too. It is proven that when an athlete takes steroids they tend to be more of an aggressive person in society’s eyes. The advantage of having an aggressive behavior is that the abuser is more focused and trains more intensely. The bad part about taking steroids is that the person becomes easily irritated and impatient. Even after an athlete stops using steroids they seem to develop depression because they experience withdraw symptoms. It is against federal law to use steroids without a prescription. Professional athletes usually do not think about how much trouble steroids can give them. In 1990, President George W. Bush signed a bill to put steroids in the category of methamphetamines, opium and morphi ne. If someone would get caught using steroids they could be punished up to one year in prison, a twenty thousand dollar fine, and a year of drug classes (New Law†¦). It seems that players are getting bigger, faster, and stronger every season. Athletes mainly take steroids because they see results faster thanShow MoreRelatedAnabolic Steroids are Ruining Major League Baseball Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesMajor League Baseball (MLB) has widely been regarded as America’s pastime for the longest time, however it is now becoming known as the sport tainted by one thing, anabolic steroids. An anabolic steroid is related to the natural steroid, testosterone. They are able to stimulate growth in the muscle tissue. They usually increase muscle mass and strength. The MLB has created some of the most historic American icons, such as Babe Ruth and Ted Williams. Players like them showed us what it was like toRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay example1596 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Steroids are unhealthy for baseball players and they are giving the game of baseball a bad reputation. Since steroids have become such a hot topic in Major League Baseball (MLB) fans have had nothing but bad things to say about the sport and its players. When sports illustrated asked some of its readers to give reaction to the steroid controversy in the MLB here is what baseball fan Howard Langsner from New York had to say Horrible, just horrible. We takeRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On Sports Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pages Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids are a substance that is most commonly used by a small number of athletes take to make their body stronger, get bigger, and recover quicker. They are synthetic substance that is similar to the male hormone testosterone(Steroid Effects). They can be taken in several forms such as shot,pill or gel. The arguments for and against steroids are very common and there are several strong points made for each argument. Steroids are extremely powerful substances that haveRead MoreSteroids : The Corruption Of Baseball1287 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids: The Corruption of Baseball Steroids changed the game of baseball for an era by transforming the game from defensively oriented mindsets to who could offensively â€Å"out-slug† one another. Steroids have changed the game of baseball due to the fact that it makes you stronger and the players that use it can hit the ball a lot further than others. Steroids are performance enhancing drugs most commonly used by athletes or bodybuilders so that they can gain more muscle quickly and easily to haveRead More Anabolic Steroids Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages Steroids Probably one of the biggest stories in the news today is steroids in Major League Baseball. This is one of the reasons that I chose to do my research paper on steroids. I knew that it would not be hard to find information on the issue. I also needed to have a topic that relates to my service learning project. This is helping coach a high school track and field team. And as you will read later, I talk about steroids with high school athletes. I also wanted to improve my knowledge on theRead MoreEssay on Steroids Effects on baseball and the Players1441 Words   |  6 Pages Steroids have taken over the game of baseball and more players are starting to get involved with them. Steroids are a big part of the Major League today in 2014, yet they entered the game of baseball through trainer Curtis Wenzlaff in 1992. Players and the game’s images are ravaged when they become caught up in steroids. Some of the best players to ever play the game of baseball have been caught up in steroi ds, including Barry Bonds, Sammy Sosa, and Mark McGwire. Players with this level of skillRead MoreSteroids Abuse in Baseball1746 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of Americas Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behavior orRead More Steroid Abuse Hurts Baseball Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of America?s Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behaviorRead MoreSteroids in Major League Baseball800 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Major League Baseball Anabolic steroids have been abused by Major League Baseball players for years, it’s time to forever ban the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs before they ruin America’s past time. Why should athletes be able to cheat when teammates or rivals are competing with honest effort? Every year records are broken and new heights are achieved, the game of baseball is very simple yet very humble, and to deceive the game you love, forever will you be punished. Let me informRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1554 Words   |  7 Pagesgames for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people are caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and many negative consequences are caused from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause

Materialismin in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry Free Essays

Money is like a double ended sword, as it makes life easier on one hand while at the same time most of the problems in many families all revolve around money. Raisin in the sun play was written by Hansberry which the center of all the issues they are facing hence the central motif in the story. The Younger family made up of five is living in a house fit for three as they try to gain middle-class acceptance in the community as they are a lower-class black family. We will write a custom essay sample on Materialismin in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry or any similar topic only for you Order Now A $10,000 check is to arrive through the mail as insurance check Big Walter worked hard to attain and each family member has different opinions on how the check should be spent. Lena, Ruth, and Beneatha imagine money as a path towards their road out of poverty, but Walter sees money as the only way out of their current life to a better one. He has big dreams and fantasies of how the funds will heighten his social standing as well as acquire items which he currently can’t afford due to his low paying job as a chauffeur. In the begging of the play Walter hurriedly rushes in and asks â€Å"Did it come?† To which his mother replies â€Å"Can’t you give people a Christian greeting before you start asking about money?† This clearly shows that Walter does not care about anything else apart from the check they are about to receive. In act 1 scene two Lena argues with Walter whether money has become life this day as there used to be a time when people did consider freedom as life. Walter gets back to her saying that all along it has always been about money it’s just that people did not know about it. Walter tries to show the reader that money is the center of everything, having it one can be able to attain any social class they desire. However, this is not true as money is not always a guarantee happiness and success in life. There are many other things which money can never be able to buy them. Lena has always wanted a bigger house with a backyard and with the arrival of the check comes the chance for her to get her family a better house. This is seen as a way of climbing up the social class in the society. Even though Walter is not happy about the decision of buying the house let alone the neighborhood they will have to have into is a white only. He accuses his mother of killing his dream of opening a liquor store yet she is the one talking about dreaming big. However, Lena always has her son in mind and is willing to give him a chance as she hands him the remaining amount for him to pay Beneatha’s tuition fees and save the rest. Having big dreams and plans is always a way of life but when the limits of how big the goals should be are exceeded then a problem may arise within an individual especially if not given a chance to achieve those dreams. Lena is well aware of this as she advises her son that it is not worth holding onto anything be it money or ideas if in the end, it is going to destroy you. Chasing after money alone will make one lose out on many other essential aspects of life. With the hopes of opening a liquor store drowning after Bobo tells Walter that their alleged friend has swindled them, and the money is no more he angrily says, â€Å"Man, must trust you†¦Man, I put my life in your hands†¦man†. And with that, he is back to having only dreams only about a better future. Money has become an idol which everyone is worshiping or chasing after including children. Travis asks for 50 cents from Ruth before he heads to school which he is denied at first but later Walter hands him a one dollar bill. Children have also become obsessed with money in the society, and it is becoming a norm to pay them off with every little thing they do or help around in the homestead. This eventually leads to them growing with the belief that money is everything hence will always chase after it. All the money is gone and Walter being frustrated, Mama still says that there is something left to love about him and asks if they have cried for the Walter for what he must be going through and the experience he has passed through. Lena knows that money is not everything provided that the family is healthy and happy everything is okay. Karl Lindner is sent to the Youngers to acquire the house they had previously bought in a white neighborhood at a price even higher than the original price tag as the residents of Clybourne don’t have any relationship with the black family in order to move out because they have worked hard and will do anything to protect their dreams. However, Lana is against the idea of selling the house as she tells her Walter, â€Å"Son I come from five generations of people who was slaves and sharecroppers but ain’t nobody in my family never let nobody pay them no money that was a way of telling us we weren’t fit to walk the earth. We ain’t never been that poor. We ain’t never been that dead inside.† The white neighborhood believes that with money they can acquire anything even get the Youngers to sell their house simply because they do not want them living amongst them even if it means paying a higher price to buy the house. Despite all, in the end, a family is what comes first. Lena knows that it is the family is superior to money that is why she does not get mad when Walter misuses his entire father’s life work in a day by getting conned. Ruth feels the same way, and all she cares about is her family is happy. Willy who was supposed to be a friend to both Walter and Bobo decides to walk away with all their money in the name of going to get a license but never returns. Their friendship ceases to exist all for money. Many strong friendships and relationships come to an end with the cause being money. Everybody believes that money is everything and they can even sacrifice their friend’s dreams to get it. Walter is all about being great and climbing the social class in the society. He puts his dreams ahead of Beneatha’s dream of attending medical school and ends up losing all the money. She does not take this well in the beginning as she says; â€Å"Did you dream of yachts on Lake Michigan, Brother? Did you see yourself on that Great Day sitting down at the Conference Table, surrounded by all the mighty bald men in America? All halted, waiting, breathless, waiting for your pronouncements on the industry? Waiting for you Chairman of the Board, I look at you, and I see the final triumph of stupidity in the world!† Hansberry Central motif in the play is money as the whole plot revolves around the $10,000 check the Youngers receive after their father passed away. Money easily tears families apart if every member is always chasing it as conflicts are bound to happen. It is the root of evil in the society today as all bad things happening are mainly due to people’s thirst for money. Many innocent individuals have fallen victims even some end up dead if they try to stop someone from stealing or harming others for money. Immorality is on the rise and the number of youth engaging in prostitution and other immoral activities such as stealing for money has risen in the past the reason being everybody wants to get rich but no one is willing to work hard for it hence looks for an alternative method to getting it and this tends to be activities going against what is morally right. Conclusively, the author clearly shows that Walter does not care about anything else apart from the check they are about to receive. In addition, Money easily tears families apart if every member is always chasing it as conflicts are bound to happen. It is the root of evil in the society today as all bad things happening are mainly due to people’s thirst for money. How to cite Materialismin in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, Papers

Japanese Real Estate Investment Market †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Japanese Real Estate Investment Market. Answer: Introduction There are plenty of risks that could be associated with an overseas investment. These risks could be associated with a number of factors such as geographical distance, economic risks, the lack of expertise in dealing with Japanese firms and many others. However, the primary concerns with this investment are the market risks of investing in Tokyo. The property will be shared with HSG and the operational risks are expected to be low. The property will be low since the costs of operating the property can be as low as 3%. Additionally, tenants will pay a share in the maintenance of the property. The cost of acquiring new tenants may also be low since the brokerage is expected to be around 3%. The lease length is ten years which helps insure against the volatility of the market. However, primary risk assessment demonstrates that there are plenty of market risks that must be considered before an investment in the property is made. Investment in this property like all other properties of Delta Q would be based on a quantitative measurement of risks and expected growth. Since, market risks are the expected to play an important role in the success of this investment, it is necessary to assess the market risks from various aspects. Ideally, the investment in this property should have a similar or a greater cap rate to the current properties held by Delta Q, so that the opportunity costs of capital invested are lower. Market for Real Estate Space in Tokyo Tokyo is the largest metropolitan in the world, apart from being the capital of Japan. The population all over the country is on a decline but has been increasing the Tokyo Metropolitan area. It is expected that Tokyo will maintain its population.(Nomura Research Institute Ltd., 2013) Hence, the consumption of goods is expected to remain high. Additionally, Tokyo is strategically located as city surrounded by ports. Hence, the demand for logistical properties is expected to be high in Tokyo. This implies that the market for rentals in Tokyo will be high. The ability to lease out is a property is the biggest risk that could be faced throughout the expected holding period of 10 years. The ability to lease out the property would determine the cash flows for the partnership, significantly. The lack of sufficient cash flows would could affect the liquidity of the partnership and have a contagion effect on Delta Q. The vacancy rate of similar properties in Tokyo is low, currently, and had consistently remained low. The highest vacancy rate for similar properties , has been 20%. However, this rate was achieved during at the peak of the Global Financial Crisis. This occurred during the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009. Hence, the market for rental space in the near future for Tokyo was expected to be high. Similarly, the vacancy rate of similar properties i.e. logistics properties held in J-REIT portfolios has low, and looks positive in the current scenario. However, the volatility of the vacancy rates of these properties seems to be a cause of concern. A look at the previous trends has shown that the vacancy rates, once spurred by economic factors, tended to climb high in a very short period of time and showed a very vertical trend. This was seen during the Global Financial Crisis, in the quarter of May-August 2010, during the quarter of November 2011 - February 2012, and then again during the quarter of May 2012- August 2012. The sharp rise in vacancy rates could affect the ability to lease the property and presents the risk of frequent liquidity shocks. The graph for vacancy rates between August 2006 and December 2013 highlights a concern that Delta Quantitative Real Estate Capital would have to struggle to keep the property occupied throughout the year. On the supply side of the market, the supply of warehouses has been showing an increasing trend since 2009. The supply of the logistical space available for rentals was over 8000 square meters in 2003. In addition, there are over 17 logistics development projects in the pipeline, with at least six projects located close to the major ports. It is clear that the Tokyo market may experience a sudden rise in the supply of properties for logistical use, during the expected holding period. Tokyo has seen properties market rents that were close to the 1300 Yen per square meter per month. However, the market rate hovers around 1,150 Yen. It is important that the market rent might be high due to the very low vacancy rates in Tokyo currently and it is possible that the rents could drop in the future. Operating expenses are at 350 Yen/ Square metres per month currently. These expenses are not expected to go very high since the Japanese bank has a target inflation of 2%. As a developed country and a country with an ageing population, the inflation rates in Japan are not expected to be high like some developing countries like India or China. Hence, the expenses for operating and maintaining the property are expected to remain stable. Financial Market for Property Assets Bond Yields: Bond Yields in Japan are expected to hover around 2%, in line with the current monetary policy, according to earlier projections. Currently, interest rates in Japan are lower than most of the developed world. This could translate into cheap creditHowever, the Japanese government has suggested that the country will pursue an aggressive monetary policy that will help increase the inflation as well as higher interest rate payments for credit.(Ranasinghe, 2013) De-Regulation of the REIT Market: It is expected that there will be deregulation in the J-REIT market which will help Delta take control or provide credit into the partnership, should the need arise. (Nomura Research Institute Ltd., 2013) This should be seen as a positive for the partnership. In case of deregulatory reforms, it will be easier to invest and divest from the partnership. Gross Domestic Product: The GDP of Japan has hovered around the 2% per annum mark since the early 1990s and is expected to continue to grow within the range of 0% to 2% until 2018, at least. The stable GDP growth could be a double edged sword. Economic stability is expected and hence, can increase certainty. On the other hand, a stable GDP implies that there may not be higher demand for goods and the rental rates would not be expected to rise very high, at least for the next five years. This limits the cap. However, if the new economic reforms go as expected then the growth rate might increase. This could affect the availability of credit as well as the operating expenses. The US Dollar - Yen Exchange Rate: The Japanese Yen has depreciated as compared to the US Dollar since 2003. Japan, recently, posted its first trade deficit in over three decades. This implies that the Japanese Yen may not appreciate soon. This is a positive since this will increase the value of the cap. Decline of exports, on the other hands, may point towards a decline in the demand for logistic properties. Financial Analysis Cash Flows during the Period. All costs and revenues given below are accrued in Japanese Yen. Table 1 Assured Rental Receipts during the Holding Period Rental Revenue Year Nippon 7 eleven Japan Uniqlo Total 2014 310320000 139920000 209880000 660120000 2015 310320000 139920000 209880000 660120000 2016 310320000 139920000 209880000 660120000 2017 139920000 209880000 349800000 2018 139920000 209880000 349800000 2019 209880000 209880000 2020 209880000 209880000 2021 209880000 209880000 2022 0 2023 0 Table 2 Total Assured Operating Expenses Receivable Year Nippon 7 eleven Japan Uniqlo Total 42000000 21000000 31500000 94500000 2014 42840000 21420000 32130000 96390000 2015 43696800 21848400 32772600 98317800 2016 0 22285368 33428052 55713420 2017 0 22731075.36 34096613.04 56827688.4 2018 0 0 34778545.3008 34778545.3008 2019 0 0 35474116.206816 35474116.206816 2020 0 0 36183598.5309523 36183598.5309523 2021 0 0 0 0 2022 0 0 0 0 2023 0 Table 3 Total Assured Receivables Year Total Operating Revenue 2014 1643040000 2015 1643040000 2016 1643040000 2017 1022400000 2018 1022400000 2019 602640000 2020 602640000 2021 602640000 2022 0 2023 0 Table 4 Expected Building Management Expenses Property Management Expenses Year Nippon 7 eleven Japan Uniqlo 2014 10569600 4827600 6971400 2015 10594800 4840200 6990300 2016 10620504 4853052 7009578 2017 0 4866161.04 7029241.56 2018 0 4879532.2608 7049298.3912 2019 0 0 7069756.359024 2020 0 0 7090623.48620448 2021 0 0 7111907.95592856 2022 0 0 0 2023 0 0 0 Table 5 Expected Operating Expenses Year Operating Expenses Per Month Nippon 7 eleven Japan Uniqlo Total 2014 4200 84000000 42000000 63000000 189004200 2015 4284 85680000 42840000 64260000 192784284 2016 4369.68 87393600 43696800 65545200 196639969.68 2017 4457.0736 89141472 44570736 66856104 200572769.0736 2018 4546.2150 90924301.44 45462150.72 68193226.08 204584224.455072 2019 4637.13937 92742787.4688 46371393.7344 69557090.6016 208675908.944173 2020 4729.88216 94597643.218176 47298821.609088 70948232.413632 212849427.123057 2021 4824.4798 96489596.0825396 48244798.0412698 72367197.0619047 217106415.665518 2022 4920.969 98419388.0041904 49209694.0020952 73814541.0031428 221448543.978829 2023 5019.38878 100387775.7642 50193887.8821371 75290831.8232056 225877514.858405 Table 6 Total Expected Capital Investment in First Year Expenses Costs Total Purchase Expenses 5340862575 Total Brokerage Costs 166327200 Tenant Improvement costs 62500000 Recommendations There are plenty of macro Economic risks that could be experienced within this partnership. However, Tokyo is a safe for Delta Quantitative Real Estate Capital (Delta Q) to begin its journey into foreign investment due to the relative economic stability it offers. However, the experience of the contagion of th Global Financial Crisis also, suggests that the economy of Japan is greatly linked to the economy of USA. Hence, strategically, a recession in USA could be followed by a recession in Japan. That beats the primary purpose of diversification which is to provide respite in case the US economy experiences difficult times. There are positives for this investment on the economic front. If the expected aggressive monetary policies go through and the availability of consumer credit rises, then the demand for warehouses would also be affected. Deregulation of J-REIT could be another positive factor that would be an incentive to go ahead with this project. On the other hand, the Tokyo market is relatively saturated with properties for logistical purposes that are already available or in the pipeline. It is strongly recommended that Delta Q considers an investment in the project and adopts a policy of wait and watch for the next three months. If there is a strong push in reforms that would bring in greater deregulation and easier availability of credit, then this investment may be worthwhile. References Nomura Research Institute Ltd. (2013, April). Japanese Real Estate Investment Market 2013. Retrieved from Nomura Research Institute Ltd., consulting Division: https://www.nri.com/jp/opinion/r_report/pdf/japanreport2013_en_final.pdf Ranasinghe, D. (2013, Aoril 4). Bank of Japan Unveils Aggressive Monetary Policy. Retrieved from CNBC: https://www.cnbc.com/id/100614755

Samsung Ansoff Matrix and Generic Strategies free essay sample

Over the past few years the company has shown tremendous ontogeny. Indeed it is Europes largest low cost carrier and fastest growing airlines. Currently it’s operating more than 1,500 flights every day from over 50 bases and around 1400 low fare routes across 28 countries which connect 165 destinations. Now I am going to discuss Ryan air’s (RA) current strategic position by analysing its macro (external)and micro (internal) environment. Macro Environment Macro environment consist of those major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organizations decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. Now, i am going to analyse company’s position by using PESTLE and porter’s 5 Forces. Pestle Analysis: This is mainly used to analyse the wider macro environment in which the business operates. The organisation normally have no control over PESTLE factors and at best should try to accommodate and device strategies around these factors or issues. Political factors: The political environment in EU has been stable, enabling Ryan air to expand its routes and activities successfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Ansoff Matrix and Generic Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The increase in Air Passenger Duty in UK in 2009, 2010 and 2012 (? 11, 12, 13 ) and the EU Airport Charges applicable from March 2011 have affected the operating costs of Ryan air consequently. The repeated European government owned Air Traffic Control strikes have also caused a huge loss for airline industry as these strikes forced RA to cancel huge number of flights. Ryanair also had to pay compensation to passengers based on EU 261 reforms. Economic factors The interest rates in England is 0. 5% which has a positive affect and will encourage RA to borrow money on low interest rates to expand their business activities. (buying air crafts etc. ) The high unemployment rate in EU and UK has resulted in less people travelling even by low-fare airiness. This has a negative impact on RA as the ratio of domestic flights in Uk has been decreased due to less disposable income. The economic instability in Greece, France, Hungary and Italy has resulted in low demand for air travelling, thats why many airlines are cutting their routes including RA. The social environment It can be explained by different demographic trends. Majority of the people living in UK and EU countries are individualistic and they prefer to travel during their vacations. A substantial increase in leisure travelling, student migration programs within the EU nations has resulted in an increased demand for low-fare airlines especially Ryan air. The free trade concept specially in European union, has made possible for Rain Air to earn some revenue from the business community. Technological factor Internet is the most powerful tool available to travel marketers. RA and its competitors have their internet-based reservation system which helps to increase the number of passengers. RA uses the modern aircrafts with new generation engines, which result in less emissions and less fuel consumption; and allows the company to move on through its cost reduction strategy. Ryanair has introduced online check-in and self services in airports for the passengers which has received a mixed response from the passengers especially people travelling with families. Legal factors The emission constraint set by the European commission and its activeness of monitoring antitrust law and policies, sooner or later will affect the RA strategies; as EU legislation on working time regulation and union recognition, could seriously threaten RA policies and revenues. Due to BAA airport monopoly, Uk Court of Appeal asked BAA to sell Stansted and Glasgow airport (October 2010) to increase competition; which has helped RA in increasing their market share by increasing the traffic at those airports which had declined due to BAAs high cost and mismanagement. Environmental Factors As for the environmental aspect, Ryan air is currently the industry leader in terms of environmental efficiency. As per requirement of Environmental Protection Laws Ryan air operates a single-aircraft-type fleet of Boeing 737-800 â€Å"next generation† with an average age of only 3. 4 years which are aimed at minimizing drag, thereby reducing the rate of fuel burnt and noise levels. The unit emission per passenger has also reduced due to the inherent capacity increase in the Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The new cap-and-trade scheme of EU for CO2 emission control can effect RA cost management based on the allowances to be needed in 2012. Now we are going to analyse industrial environment of RA using porter’s five forces. Porter’s 5 Forces The 5 forces are the environmental forces that impact on the companies ability to compete in the given market. The purpose of 5 forces analysis is to diagnose the principal competitive pressures in a market and assess how strong and important each one is. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants is low. The short haul market is highly competitive as it needs high capital investment, special licenses and flight authorisation. Then the restriction or lack of slot availability makes it even more difficult for new entrants, to assess many airports. Any new entrant should have a differentiation strategy to enter and stay competitive in the market. The low threat of new entrants has provided RA an opportunity to grow and focus on the existing customers. Ryan Air has consolidated its position in the market with a brand differentiation as low-cost airline. The power of buyers: At present, the bargaining power of buyer for RA is medium/high due to the alternative options available and switching to another airline is relatively simple and doesnt imply further cost. Internet has made it easier for the customers to have an access to the latest low fare offers, provided by different airlines and do the comparison among their prices and services as well. Though Ryan Air has 7% growth in volume of passenger in third quarter of 2011 but they are not getting good customer service feedback and customers are not loyal to RA. So, RA should consider its other extra-cost factors like customer service, punctuality etc. to attract the new and retain its existing customers. The power of suppliers: The bargaining power of supplier is high. The suppliers for Ryan Air include aircraft suppliers, airports, fuel suppliers, catering etc. Boeing and Airbus are the only two aircraft suppliers. Ryan Air uses only single type of aircraft Boeing 737-800 and so faces high switching cost related to maintainability. Ryan Air uses regional airports which have low bargaining power as they are heavily dependant on one airline. Bigger airports where RAs competitors operate, have greater bargaining power. RAs policy is to avoid these airports. Price of aviation fuel is directly related to the cost of oil; RA controls this successfully through hedging. So rising fuel prices could not be a threat to RA in future. Threat of Substitutes: Threat of substitutes is very high as there are number of substitutes available to the customers. Induction of high speed trains and cars with low fuel consumption are the biggest competitors of Ryan air; as they have attracted the young generation in EU nations towards land transport which is easier to access and use. In Ryan Air’s case: Depending upon the price/performance ratio, passengers of airline can easily opt for the land travel substitutes like trains, cars or ferries. For e. g. the high speed trains in UK like Euro star are the main competitors as these trains give almost same services in similar budget as that of RA Moreover the stations are nearer the city centre than the regional airports (RA). Hence, there is no brand loyalty for RA. Competitive Rivalry: The low cost airline industry in UK is highly competitive and most of the advantages can be copied easily. There is no much differentiation on services among LCC; thus the main differentiating factor for RA is price. One of the main competitors of RA is Easyjet which like RA offers no-frills, short haul travel in low cost. So far, the direct competition has been avoided by mainly operating from/to different destinations; the moment the competition should become direct, there will be heavy pressure on prices, revenues and profitability consequently. Other competitors are Aer Lingus, Analysis of the internal environment An analysis on Ryan air internal environment needs to be done to assess the extent to which companys strategies are suitable to what is happening in its task environment. Micro environment This environment influences the organization directly. Firm has full control over these factors. For the analysing the micro environment of the RA, I will use SW analysis. SWOT This is an overall evaluation of the companies strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal and can be controlled by the organisation while opportunities and threats are external. The objective of SWOT is to identify and convert the threats into opportunities and weaknesses into strengths. Strengths: Ryan air provides no-frills, point-to-point services on short haul routes which allow offering its low fares by cutting down the unnecessary frills like meals, video etc. The source-to-destination service cuts down extra service charges on connecting passengers and baggage transfer resulting in reduction of baggage losses. RA has earned a good repute due to its punctuality and in 2010 the rate of on-time departure was 88%. RAs aircraft maintenance cost is controlled by using single type of aircraft Boeing737-800 with average age of 3. 4 years. However its 374. 6 millions profit (2011), 8056 staff and a fleet of 275 air crafts displays its spectacular strength. Weaknesses: Ryan air has poor public image and had been involved in different controversies regarding customers dissatisfaction through misleading adverts. In different customer satisfaction surveys, Ryan air has been voted among the bottom players. The reasons for this also include unfriendly staff, uncomfortable seats, hidden costs, insufficient safety measures etc. Recently Ryan air has been accused for charging passengers for boarding pass. It has also been criticized for extra luggage allowance and higher credit card fee per passenger. After analysing its strength and weaknesses we can say that government policies in EU, different EU regulations like compensation for travellers for delay or cancellation of flights, CO2 emission regulations etc. ; recent economic crisis in some EU countries is worth mentioning, all these are a constant threat and can have adverse effects on the operating cost of RA. Else security threats needs to be addressed constantly and demand more and more effective steps to be taken, to maintain Ryan air s passengers volume. Moreover, to compete with substitutes like fast speed cars, ferries, trains and coach services throughout UK and Europe is a big challenge for RA as those services are also easy to access and economical for the customers. Fluctuation in currency rates is another issue which can directly affect the revenue earned by RA as it recorded foreign exchange losses of 1. 0 million in the 2010; due to the strengthening of the U. K. pound sterling and U. S. ollar exchange rates against the Euro. It provides four different growth strategies: Market Penetration, Market Development, Product Development, Diversification. Corporate Level Strategy (Ansoffs Matrix) Existing New Products Products Existing Markets Market Penetration The firms growth with existing products in the current market segment. For e. g sales, promotions, seasonal offers, royalty cards etc. Product Development The firms growth by targeting its existing market segment with new product. For e. g. apple introducing new ipad s. New Markets Market Development The firm targets new market with its existing products. For e. g. Tesco going to USA with the same products to capture that market. Diversification The firms growth into new businesses by developing new products for new markets. For e. g. Virgin introducing low fare flights by the name Virgin Australia. After analysing Ryanairs growth in the industry we suggest that Ryanair should use these two strategies: †¢Product Development †¢Diversification 1- Product Development keeping in mind the technological advancement in the airline industry RA should enhance its product development strategy by introducing Satellite phone in its air crafts. This will help in attracting business travellers; once find it beneficial, they will start travelling frequently by RA. . This satellite phone which also includes video conferencing will help the business community to have a continual communication or remain in contact with their businesses. RA can spread the cost by charging the facility from its customers. Strategic Evaluation and selection Product development Suitability Offering of satellite communication will increase market share and will especially help in attracting more business travellers. Acceptability Risk: medium- it may be expensive because of maintenance expense of satellite communication. Return : medium as it might take some time for business community to chose RA, solely for satellite phone. Reaction : mixed kind of reaction can be predictable. Feasibility Money: They have sufficient financial resources to support their product development. Other wise they can raise funds by issuing shares, as well as low interest rate can also help in raising finance. People time: RA can also outsource their new products saving enough time and minimising their operational costs. 2- Differentiation RA can internationalise by using Diversification strategy. It can be done by introducing long- haul flights into a new market. It means new product targeting new market such as India. Long haul flights that can accommodate travellers easily and are facilitated with all the required immigration facilities. RA has chosen Asian market and especially India because Indian airline is the fastest growing passenger market in major economies up to 18% in 2011. The life style of people in India is changing and buying power of the Indian market is increasing . Indians economy is stable and growing. Else India has got so many attractions for the tourists. While entering India, RA should acquire Air Asia to grow and plan for the long term. RA need to launch aggressive market campaign to reach out to new customers and to grow in the new market. Diversification seems to be the best suitable practise in this environment as airline industry has started to decline. Going to long haul in suitable and aligns with its strategy. RA can use its Boeing 737-800 aircrafts which new generation engines, which result in less emissions and less fuel consumption. Acceptability Risk: High as market (Asian) and product (long haul) ; both are new for RA. But this can be minimised by making an alliance with Air Asia which is experienced and dealing with both. Level of Though uncertainity exists but high risk – high return. Return : high. Adopting the new strategy is always a challenge. But it is expected that RAs diversification strategy will result in increased passengers volume and high profit margins; due to acquisition with AirAsia. Reaction : Positive. Customers are expected to be happy as RA will maintain its low fare strategy. It will create new job opportunities in UK and India.

Free Essays on Java Security

Introduction Java is a new programming language from Sun Microsystems (currently in beta release). The Java language has a number of interesting properties. One property is that it is intended to be portable, even to the extent that programs can be dynamically loaded over the network and run locally. In particular, small programs called applets can be loaded and run by a user's WWW browser while the user is ``surfing'' the Web (HotJava is such a browser written in Java, and Netscape2.0 will support Java applets). While this idea is very powerful, it is also an invitation to security problems. The Java language and runtime system (which includes libraries, the compiler, and the bytecode interpreter) attempt to address these security issues, with the result that Sun claims Java will be secure. This paper evaluates the security issues raised by the Java language and its intended uses in Java enabled Web browsers and Java's proposed solutions. After a brief discussion on the background of executable content, this paper moves on to discuss the potential security risks of executable content, what Java's proposed solutions are, and finally an analysis of the effectiveness of those solutions. Background on Executable Content Executable content is the idea of sending around data that is actually code to be executed. Why is the idea of executable content so exciting? The answer is fairly simple. Power and expressiveness. Use of the World Wide Web has exploded over the past few years, along with this growth there have been many attempts to retrofit applications to the Web. While the Web has adapted to allow more interesting uses through forms and scripts that run on the server, these methods are extremely limiting. The ability to have users locally run a program written in a full-fledged programming language allows applications to be used directly over the Web. Not surprisingly Java is not alone with its idea of shipping aroun... Free Essays on Java Security Free Essays on Java Security Introduction Java is a new programming language from Sun Microsystems (currently in beta release). The Java language has a number of interesting properties. One property is that it is intended to be portable, even to the extent that programs can be dynamically loaded over the network and run locally. In particular, small programs called applets can be loaded and run by a user's WWW browser while the user is ``surfing'' the Web (HotJava is such a browser written in Java, and Netscape2.0 will support Java applets). While this idea is very powerful, it is also an invitation to security problems. The Java language and runtime system (which includes libraries, the compiler, and the bytecode interpreter) attempt to address these security issues, with the result that Sun claims Java will be secure. This paper evaluates the security issues raised by the Java language and its intended uses in Java enabled Web browsers and Java's proposed solutions. After a brief discussion on the background of executable content, this paper moves on to discuss the potential security risks of executable content, what Java's proposed solutions are, and finally an analysis of the effectiveness of those solutions. Background on Executable Content Executable content is the idea of sending around data that is actually code to be executed. Why is the idea of executable content so exciting? The answer is fairly simple. Power and expressiveness. Use of the World Wide Web has exploded over the past few years, along with this growth there have been many attempts to retrofit applications to the Web. While the Web has adapted to allow more interesting uses through forms and scripts that run on the server, these methods are extremely limiting. The ability to have users locally run a program written in a full-fledged programming language allows applications to be used directly over the Web. Not surprisingly Java is not alone with its idea of shipping aroun...

COLLEGE PAPER WRITING SERVICES from Professional Writers

COLLEGE PAPER WRITING SERVICES from Professional Writers A good essay helps you to develop your great skills that you will be thankful for every single day. Every achievement, every step that you make today does matter. Good essay writing skills can be broken down to simple writing skills. When you require professional college paper writing services assistance, we can deliver it to you as soon as you need it. And we took our time to list these important skills that are being developed through the essay and research paper writing. Here is the list of the most important writing skills.   Essay information analysis Data collection and data examination collected by you or previous researchers Doing thorough research Complete understanding of the topic or chosen theme Analytical thinking; Creative thinking; Critical thinking Clear expression both of views and ideas Correct grammar, punctuation, spelling and style Getting one clear message across your paper Personalized writing skills Good essay organization and structuring

Proposal of master project in The differences in the Quality of life Essay

Proposal of master project in The differences in the Quality of life of young old,vs mid-old, vs old-old - Essay Example The 2001 census proved that for the first time there were more people over 60 than under 16 (Dean 2003, p.1). While, the above mentioned statistics can be one of the greatest advantage of the over all improvement in the twentieth centaury, it puts forward immense challenges for the new generation. The existing social and cultural trends make it beyond doubts that older people are mostly bound to stay confined between the four walls in most cases. In a methodological study by John baldock and Jan Hadlow has examined the process of aging from within. The results showed that the old age is indeed a time of ‘identity work’ in which people search for ways to sustain their self-images and to link their present existences to their previous lives (2002). Age-related reduction in muscle strength and power, cardiovascular function and neuromuscular response times, all contribute to the declining physical ability with age Activity and exercise improve health status, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and reduce fracture risk as well as improving quality of life. Increasing habitual exercise can assist older people in maintaining functional performance (Rajeski W& Mihalko S 2001). Such type of a circumstantial environment is of at most important as the common themes concerning the quality of life, mentioned by participants as important, were concerns with regards to the conditions associated with health, family and home (Kenealy and Beaumont 2003). The quality of life changes along with the deference in the quality of diet as explained by Stephen Burk when he said that meals are not just about refueling, but can really improve someones quality of life (2005). The above mentioned studies have highlighted the variation between the qualities of lives in different age groups. The researchers have been successful in determining the relevance of belief to well-being in later life, and the need for secular welfare organizations to be more prepared to work with

Needs assesment, use of needs assessments, influence of modeling and Essay

Needs assesment, use of needs assessments, influence of modeling and exploring ones own paradigms - Essay Example However, the dominant approach to data collection and analysis so far- learning what is wrong with young people- is fundamentally flawed as it fails to investigate the factors in a young person's life that we know lead to healthy development.1 It does not tell the full or even the correct story about our kids. There is need to explore more deeply into the factors that are instrumental in shaping the positive development of a child and more scientific work needs to be done to responsibly advance the youth development field. In general this field aims at supporting and promoting processes assumed essential for the health and well-being of a child. Most of the studies of national importance conducted till recently , with the exception of a few like the one by America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being and Trends In the Well-Being of America's Children which incorporated some of the indicators of positive youth development, were focused towards finding out and measuring the deficit indicators in our children's lives primarily because the studies were conducted either for- measuring, analyzing or understanding and reporting on social changes or for- decision making and evaluating and assessing governmental social programs and policies. The continuation of such programs depended, of course, on data to monitor their effectiveness. How those indicators have co... As the cost of rehabilitation programs mounted, prevention instead of treatment of social problems became the mantra to policy makers. However, there was a tricky problem to decide as to who should be included in prevention programs. Many attempts to decide on the basis of persons "at risk" or the persons with some specific precursor behavior could not give right perspective as there is no significant evidence in research to conclude as to who needed these programs the most. (can you contact me at my email address mabha2001@yahoo.com. I need to talk to you urgently.) The prevention approach or model lays emphasis on finding an effective way to prevent a given problem from happening to or among young people and is based on the principle that absence of problems means that young people are developing appropriately. From the developmental perspective, there are several flaws in this approach. First, while there are plenty of evidence that negative behaviors or conditions impede the positive development of young people, there is hardly any evidence that absence of such behaviors in itself equates with positive development as in the words of Karen Pittman, a leading youth development advocate " problem-free is not fully prepared." Moreover, it is difficult to measure behaviors that could have happened but did not happen because of a prevention input. Secondly, these prevention programs target only a fraction of our young people who are considered to be "at risk" and not all.. The development perspective offers a different approach and asks three common sense questions : What kind of human beings do we want all our children to be What skills do we want them to possess What do we want them to be able to do to

Economic Developments Essay Example for Free

Economic Developments Essay The current system of the world economy has emerged as a result of the historical trends and economic developments that occurred in the past particularly during the periods of World War I, World War II and the Cold War. To a significant extent, the current world order and the capitalist and industrial prosperity that is being experienced today are products of historical economic developments. This paper examines the economic developments from 1913 to the present including the history of self-determination in the world economy in relation to the current world economy. Consequently, the role of the United States from being an isolationist to an economic hegemon is analyzed. Economic Developments from 1913-Present The period from Post World War I up to the present can be considered to be a see-saw of economic prosperity and economic crises for most countries. For countries like the United States the war had brought about economic development but it also caused the economic downturn for countries like France and Germany. Capitalism began to ensue and trading had been more active. Hence, the period from 1920-1929 signaled the massive economic progress in the world economy- industries were established and the percentage of industries to agriculture rose. After this massive growth however, the unemployment rate and poverty that ensued from the period of 1929-1941 had led to the Great Depression- interest rates were high, hyperinflation ensued and the rise in debt had led to stock market collapse. The world economy had experienced a systemic recession leading the collapse of markets worldwide. In this era, the GDP and GNP of nations dropped and poverty ensued as world trade had been inactive. After the Great Depression, the World War II had created another economic era- post World War II had been considered to be a golden era for capitalism worldwide. This is because of the rapid rise in industries, the technological advancement, the prospering and stabilization of world trade, domestic and international institutions had been established in order to facilitate the world economy. Consequently, the World Trade Organization, the World Bank and the IMF were established in order to aid countries needing economic lift in order to aid in their industrialization. Backed by capitalism and foreign direct investments, this era can be considered the time when the world economy had boomed. However, after this period the time between 1970s-1980s, inflation and interest rates grew up and the fixed interest rates were deregulated in order to let the world economy repair itself. This era had however, contributed in terms of the massive plan to reorganize domestic economies through fiscal policies. The post Cold War on the other hand, marked the era when the US became the sole hegemon after the downfall of Russia. Before the Cold War, democratic countries can only trade with democratic countries and communist countries are only limited to trade with communist countries- the downfall of Russia opened the doors for all countries to be participants in the world economy. Hence, during the period of 1990 and up to the present times, despite some economic fluctuations, the world economy can be considered as stable and progressive. While there are ups and downs, the stability of the world economy in the present times cannot easily succumb to another depression. Self-Determination and in the World Economy Self-determination started after the World War I as a result of the Treaty of Versailles- it declared that the sovereignty of the states should take charge of the whole population. World War I led to the breakup of the Hapsburg and Ottoman empires and the birth of a new generation of nation-states. At Versailles, U. S. President Woodrow Wilsons famous Fourteen Pointsthe fifth of which declared that sovereignty should take full account of the interests of the populations concernedformed the basis for the treaty ending the war. After World Wars One and Two, self-determination inspired the demolition of empires and the formation of new sovereign states; the concept being thus extended in the 1940s and 1950s to apply in the context of the decolonisation process. In the 1960s and 1970s, the principle of self-determination clashes with the principle of territorial integrity and global leaders are increasingly seeing this angle to the problem. In fact, even the UN resolution 1514 adopted in 1960 which elevated the status of self-determination, had also emphasized territorial integrity: any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of national unity and territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations. The international system was caught up in the contradiction and had exhibited some degree of ambivalence at least after the post-war decolonisation. It can be observed that the further extension of the principle today, as it inspires the surge of ethnic politics and threatens the break-up of the established post-colonial order. The United States as the World’s Political and Economic Hegemon The United States before World War I cannot be considered to be an economic or a political superpower, it derived its wealth from World War I from selling ammunitions and exploiting the economic opportunities caused by the war. However, in World War II, the US emerged as one of the more powerful countries not only in terms of technology but also politically and economically after surviving the Great Depression. The Post World War II established the United States from a country in the middle to that of a global hegemon. For one, post World War I saw the US to be involved in trade, the importation and exportation of goods as well as in searching for new territories to expand its power and industries. Post World War II saw the United States cementing its economic and political hegemony- it had established itself as one of the most prosperous and progressive countries not only through its GDP and GNP but also in terms of its ability to impose upon other countries. The United States during this time served as one of the economic powers together with countries in Europe, Japan and the USSR. Upon entering the Cold War, the world became a division of the US and the USSR or democracy versus communism. During this era, the United States served as an international role model for democracies as well as the patron of democratic countries. The fall of the USSR catapulted the US to its role today as a global hegemon- except for North Korea, there had been no real threat to the supremacy of democracy and hence, the United States. During this time until the present times, the United States had been a major player in sanctioning countries that do not abide by international laws and regulations as well as being a forerunner in providing foreign aids as well as regulating trade activities. To be a partner with the US would be tantamount to economic growth. The power held by the US both politically and economically can be considered to spawn countries even in Asia and Third World countries. Needless to say, the United States can be considered to be the most important international player today.

Use of Symbols and Symbolism in Knowles Separate Peace :: Separate Peace Essays

Use of Symbolism in   A Separate Peace  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Knowles uses the literary element of symbolism in his novel, A Separate Peace. Gene, a student at the Devon Prep School in New Hampshire, tries to understand the love, hate, and jealousy that he feels for his roommate Phineas, nicknamed "Finny." Knowles uses the Assembly Hall, the marble staircase, and the locker room to symbolize how Gene's spitefulness affects Finny, and how this effect leads Gene into adulthood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the effects of Gene's spiteful feelings toward Finny are developed, the Assembly Hall in which Gene's trial takes place is symbolic. Brinker, a classmate, leads some of Gene's peers to bring him to the Assembly Hall. At this time, Gene further realizes that he shook the limb on purpose, which causes Finny to fall out of the tree. Gene's peers are beginning to doubt his innocence. Finny has a burst of anger at the end of Gene's trial in the Assembly Hall. During this outburst, Finny says; "I just don't care. Nevermind" (168). Finny's outburst causes his second injury, which is rooted in Gene's spitefulness towards him. Gene's feelings and their effects are linked together by the Assembly Hall. Finny's anger toward the events of the trial eventually leads to his own death as he storms out into the corridor. As Finny runs down the corridor, the marble staircase that he approaches is symbolic. Finny storms out of the Assembly Hall in which Gene's trial is being held and begins running down the corridor. At this point, Finny fully realizes that Gene intentionally shook the limb, which made Finny fall out of the tree. Finny is in denial, thus causing him to storm out of the room. When Finny reaches the marble staircase, he falls, breaking his leg once again. This injury kills him due to the doctor's mistake while setting the broken bone. Gene's spiteful feelings can be directly connected to the events that took place during and after the Assembly Hall trial. Consequently, the marble staircase symbolizes how Gene's spiteful feelings ultimately cause Finny's death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the end of the school session after Finny's death, Gene's cleaning out his locker is another symbolic act. Gene says, "Brinker went upstairs to continue his packing, and I walked over to the gym to clean out my locker" (193).

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Book or Movie Essay

Personally, I prefer the original play of â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† only slightly more than the film adaption that was recreated in the late 1990’s. Not only had William Shakespeare managed to fully grasp the meaning of true love, but had also comprehended the dark times that came alongside such an influential and overpowering emotion. Although the movie had effectively and humorously portrayed the problems that were brewing amongst the fairies, workers, and lovers, it still missed the raw, poetic depth that the play embodied. Also, the film had strayed from the original story line more times than was acceptable. For example, the play was set in the 1500’s, which was long before the time of bicycles and flashlights that the movie had put as a frequent prop. Similarly, Bottom was never mentioned to have a significant other, though in the movie he was wedded. This only presents his character even more filthy and repulsive then would have been already thought with his enflamed ego and belligerent attitude, as he cheats on his wife for a woman he just met. Yet, the most significant mistake was with the little Indian boy. The plot of the play was built upon the idea of Titania surrendering the boy in her spell-induced state to her selfish husband, Oberon. In the movie, he begins with the same intentions, albeit all mention of the Indian boy is dropped after the initial confrontation and is never resolved, which is clearly illogical as it is the whole ordeal of the play since the very beginning. In conclusion, while the film had the look and undeveloped sense of what was meant to be presented, it doesn’t capture the heart as enchantingly and adeptly as the original screenplay did.

A School for My Village

Anna Spangler Professor Williamson English 101 November 19, 2012 A School For My Village The story of the building of an extraordinary school for innocent orphans that are not healthy and the astonishing effort by one man, Twesigye Jackson Kaguri, to raise an African community out of poverty and hopelessness makes a highly inspiring book. A School For My Village is an unforgettable page- turner that demonstrates that one person with a bold dream can change the lives of people who deeply need it and can make the world a better place to live in.This story is a great example of how turning tragedy into hope can result in a very successful thing and how one person can truly make an enormous difference in the world for the better. Kaguri tells his story of how he overcame tremendous odds on building a tuition-free school for HIV/AIDS orphans in his home village of Nyakagyezi, Uganda. This amazing story combines his own story of growing up in Nyaka, the events that led him promoter for HIV /AIDS, and his journey toward founding/ developing the school. Growing up in rural Uganda, Kaguri lived on his family’s small farm and often-worked long hours for his father.His parents were barely able to send him to college with the little money that they had saved, but Kaguri overcame the odds and eventually became a visiting scholar at Columbia University in New York City. He overcame poverty to earn a degree and worked as a human rights advocate. When he returned to his village in Uganda with his wife after earning his degree, the number of orphans who were the victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic overwhelmed him with dissatisfaction, so he vowed to open the first tuition-free school in the district for these innocent children who desperately needed it.Faced with many daunting obstacles, including little money, skepticism among friends in both the U. S. and Uganda, corrupt school inspectors, and a lack of supplies, he and his wife doggedly built one classroom after another u ntil they had an accredited primary school filled with students dreaming of becoming the future doctors, teachers, lawyers, engineers, and even presidents of Uganda.This inspiring story is a very heart warming one that makes you realize how lucky you actually are for the life that you have and the amount of opportunities you can get that you are able to succeed in. This story really teaches you to not be selfish and I believe that is an important aspect that every human being needs to learn better. Who knew one person could make such an impact on so many lives for the better? Kaguri answered that question on a whole new level with his actions that he had completed and been successful in.A School For My Village teaches readers that anything is possible if you put hard work into it. It also teaches you to never give up no matter how many things are not in your favor or working in your manor. Kaguri did not want the children of his hometown to be held back because of the opportunities/ learning utensils that they did not have, so he found a way to give them what they need in order to be successful. Those heroic efforts accomplished by Kaguri are truly unbelievable and definitely need to be known throughout the world.

Free Essays on The Correlation Between Substacne Abuse, And Abuse Agaisnt Women By Male Partners

The Correlation Between: Substance Abuse and Women Abuse by Male Partners Introduction: The relationship between substance abuse and woman abuse is in no way an easy thing for me to talk about because I cannot stand men who do this, which is the main reason I’ve researched this topic, and made my own perspective out of my readings and research. Hopefully by researching this topic, and gaining my own perspective I will understand it further, and be able to work with male clients that have done this. I feel that substance use is a risk factor, which is a direct cause to the severity of woman abuse, and that it there is no excuse for battering women. Substance abuse, as used in this paper, refers both to the abuse of alcohol or other drugs, and to dependency on alcohol or other drugs. While partner violence includes same-sex violence, this discussion of partner violence will be limited to abuse of women by their male partners or ex-partners, so the term woman abuse will be used throughout this paper. I have also included a section on the drug use, physical, and se xual abuse for street sex workers, and will give my opinions about that topic as well. It seems to be that the simplest concept that I have gathered from my research and that I feel is the most commonly accepted, is that the chemical properties of a substance act on a part the brain responsible for inhibiting violence. However, since no inhibition center has ever been located in the brain, the disinhibition model has challenged this theory. But I feel if disinhibition explained the relationship between substance abuse and woman abuse, we would expect batterers who were substance abusers to be non-violent when their substance use was terminated. This is obviously not the case because there are many abstinent and recovering substance abusers that go through cases in domestic violence courts and also go through batterers programs. The effect of substance abuse on men who... Free Essays on The Correlation Between Substacne Abuse, And Abuse Agaisnt Women By Male Partners Free Essays on The Correlation Between Substacne Abuse, And Abuse Agaisnt Women By Male Partners The Correlation Between: Substance Abuse and Women Abuse by Male Partners Introduction: The relationship between substance abuse and woman abuse is in no way an easy thing for me to talk about because I cannot stand men who do this, which is the main reason I’ve researched this topic, and made my own perspective out of my readings and research. Hopefully by researching this topic, and gaining my own perspective I will understand it further, and be able to work with male clients that have done this. I feel that substance use is a risk factor, which is a direct cause to the severity of woman abuse, and that it there is no excuse for battering women. Substance abuse, as used in this paper, refers both to the abuse of alcohol or other drugs, and to dependency on alcohol or other drugs. While partner violence includes same-sex violence, this discussion of partner violence will be limited to abuse of women by their male partners or ex-partners, so the term woman abuse will be used throughout this paper. I have also included a section on the drug use, physical, and se xual abuse for street sex workers, and will give my opinions about that topic as well. It seems to be that the simplest concept that I have gathered from my research and that I feel is the most commonly accepted, is that the chemical properties of a substance act on a part the brain responsible for inhibiting violence. However, since no inhibition center has ever been located in the brain, the disinhibition model has challenged this theory. But I feel if disinhibition explained the relationship between substance abuse and woman abuse, we would expect batterers who were substance abusers to be non-violent when their substance use was terminated. This is obviously not the case because there are many abstinent and recovering substance abusers that go through cases in domestic violence courts and also go through batterers programs. The effect of substance abuse on men who...

Britney Spears

Proposal: Britney Spears In this article I will explain Britney Spears, a very talented and successful singer. Britney is from Mccomb, Mississippi. I will discuss some aspects of Britney's life and some of her achievements. Britney Spears Britney Spears is the driving force of the resurgence of teen pop music in the latter half of the 1990's compared to other single artists ... Spears is more than just a star - he is real pop music phenomenon (Huey 16). This is usually not only for Britney Spears but for critics to say to stars stars. In an article about Britney Spears and her fame and regression scandal, the authors claim that her popular currency today is based on a matte of media, not a celebrity model. Briefly, Britney Spears has enabled her personal struggle and public mistakes to hide her past success in using media to improve her career. Spears may not possess abundant talent and technical skill of popular idols of the past, but in the spirit of the pop music era, having an id ol and a super star, set a direct super star mode like Christina doing. Aguilera, Mandy Moore, Jessica Simpson. The author made a powerful direct comparison between Spears and Elvis Presley who became pop singer singer in the early 1950s. The popularity of Britney Spears as a popular pop culture icon is ignored or can not be denied. Spears, along with his colleagues Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, Mandy Moore, etc. appear in Top 40 and are often posted on MTV, which can also be seen in magazine covers and spreads of photos. Spears is particularly popular among teenage girls who purchase records, sing songs and dance. These lyrics are often accompanied by love, desire and sexuality, and some people believe that these topics are too mature for young girls who are targeting Spears marketing. Today 's young ladies are mature and sex information from Spears' songs may just be satisfied. The Pretty Girls video released by Britney Spears and Iggy Azalea in May is consistent with what I expect from Britney Spears and Iquidu. Two white blonde women are singing the beauty that dance supports. The power of appearance is a group of nude buff men, a bunch of stunning denim ensembles, and Iggy as a girl in Robo Valley. It was instantly defined as shallow and it reestablished 100 years of feminism - which, of course, meant that it did not carry heavy parent women information. Indeed, Beyonce 's complete innocence is not so, does this mean that it ought to be fired? Or, if there is no statement about feminism, do you need to worry about whether two women can not make popular videos?

The Broader Impact Of DSP (Digital signal processing) In A Global Research Paper

The Broader Impact Of DSP (Digital signal processing) In A Global Economi And Social Context - Research Paper Example Each of these areas has involved substantial involvement of the digital signal processing technology with its own unique algorithms, mathematics and specialized techniques. As a result, digital signal processing has significant impact on the social, economic and in global lives in our society today. Digital signal processing convert analogue signals to digital signal. By doing this, there is extraction of signals, which later get modifications to meaningful and relevant information through the digital signal. In the pioneer ages digital signal processing was only in computers and by the application of technology limited in some key areas, for instance radar and sonar where national security appeared to be at risk. This is because of the international threats that were happening because of international tension. Another area is oil expiration and in this area, there are large amounts of revenue for example mad, oil sector industry is a very profitable industry that is capable of raisi ng the economic level of a nation. Space exploration is another sector that digital signal processing adopted because of the importance of data received. The collected data are of an irreplaceable nature. The final area of involvement in digital signal processing was medical imaging, where it could play a vital role in the treatment and saving of lives. Impact in an economic context Digital signal processing has had great impact in our lives especially economically. The recent technological advances have commanded entrepreneurs and investors to spend a lot of money in technology. Innovations in technology have led to many firms competing with each other to develop the most sophisticated technological devices that outsmart its competitors and gain the largest market share in the industry. Advances in computing, data storage and data transmit ion have enabled firms to reduce costs, create new market, expand existing market and create employment in the nation (44). Maintaining the inte grity of the specifications Companies and organizations have moved quickly to grab these newly found opportunities and as a result, firms are spending billions on their enterprise system. Firms are developing sophisticated software and hardware packages that integrate ordering, procurement, inventory, finance and human resources in their companies. Consumers get a wide range of goods and services for communication entertainment, shopping, education and other activities that relate to the firm and firms on the other hand get the opportunity to widen their consumer targets. With the embracing of technology, firms are able to reduce cost, maximize their profits and increase shareholders wealth. Consumers also benefit from these technological advancements where by prices of commodities are reduced due to the decrease of costs. This is also by being able to access wide ranges of products that are available (32). Telecommunication has also been a beneficiary of these technological advance s. Drastic improvements in computing power, accompanied by healthy competition in the industry have led to dramatic reduction rates among the consumers in communication. The telecommunication industry has been able to expand massively to tap the new opportunities; these firms now enjoy substantial customers in their networks. The introductions of wireless and broadband services have made communication much easier and faster (22). This

Exercise 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exercise 4 - Essay Example Calling itself a start up, Mr. Brechner explained that by not taking a risk on the education and early technology training of the Uruguayan children, a whole generation was lost every year since they were prevented from experiencing equality and social inclusion. They did this by enacting active policies within the state. The initiative took great pride in being able to separate policy making and management while conceptualizing the project. The steering committee was involved in policy making while the management of the program was assigned to a separate and specialized institution. This was a feather in their cap because they were able to prevent the politicians in the country from meddling with management and the managers in the government were also unable to meddle when it came to policy making for the program. This was accomplished even though the states within the country were ill prepared to host a program of this magnitude. The program had to overcome such adversities as the fear of teachers that the students would know more than they did about technology, which, as everyone knows, is a given fact in our day and age. The teachers had to become comfortable with the idea that by using computers in class, the students will learn faster and will learn more but, the teachers still hold on to the power and authority that they traditionally had in the classroom. Since 2007 the program has deployed a total of 450,000 computers. These computers were distributed to various students from the first grade and all of primary school to the third grade of secondary school. In total, the computers were deployed to a total of 9 grades in public schools. Servers and connectivity were installed in over 2,500 schools and high schools. The man behind the program proudly announced that 99 % of students participating in their program had internet access in all their facilities with 40% not needing to walk more than 300 meters from where they live in order to have free Cibal in ternet access. Their current program includes transferring the ADSL programs of the schools to fiber optic for better bandwidth and applications. The company made sure that their network access would be publicly available in the most common places such as schools, hospitals, housing complexes and the poorest areas of Uruguay. The program has successfully trained 26 thousand teachers using portals and tv channels to further enhance the training that they received in their 4 year education courses. Total expenses per year for an average student in the program is $100. Included in that cost is the amount of maintenance for the computer, server, and other necessary components for the program. Amazingly, the total expenses on the program so far is less than 5% of the total education budget of the entire country. The results of the program are quite promising. First of all, Mr Brechner emphasized that the importance of the project could be measured in terms of it actually having been acco mplished. The program also had direct and indirect impacts. In numbers, he said that the program has 450.000 impacts, which is the equivalent of the number of students who are participating in the program. He claims that the expenses of the program were worthwhile because of the motivation that the children got to go to the school and study. By offering each student his own laptop, the student miss less classes and they do their work much more proficiently. The laptops brought education

Edgar Allen Poe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Edgar Allen Poe - Essay Example Montresor presents himself as an honorable man from a high social class. He tells that his family has deep roots, that "the Montresors, were a great and numerous family" (Poe, n.d.). To add significance of his social position, he tells the motto of his family which is "Nemo me impune lacessit" Poe. N.d.). Montresor presents himself as a good-natured man who does everything to protect his dignity. This is in itself perhaps not the most exalted of literary ambitions, though it is remarkably difficult for an author to avoid crossing the boundary from the terrifying to the merely laughable. It seems that Montresor has a perfect breeding and tries to prove his position protecting his good name. Montresor presents himself as a judge who condemns his friend Fortunato to death. Taking into account his appearance and costume, it is evident that his representation of himself does not coincide with his true nature. Poe depicts him in black silk mask which symbolizes evil nature of Montresor: "thus speaking, Fortunato possessed himself of my arm; and putting on a mask of black silk and drawing a roquelaire closely about my person, I suffered him to hurry me to my palazzo" (Poe. N.d.). Montresor tries to persuade readers and himself that the death of Fortunato is the only possible way to avenge. Poe depicts that the character of Montresor does not show remorse for his thoughts and plans trying to kill his friend. Poe underlines that the experienced world in this sense is a human creation, the product of the activity of the mind, Montresor's personality. Montresor explains that: "I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong" (Poe, n.d.). Poe's secure grasp of the subtleties of his environment is evident, but it is far more than a mere transcription of particulars. For while deploying descriptive detail in the conventional realistic way to build up a rich and convincing impression of the murder and the world he creates, Poe uses realism. Montresor himself shows only a desire to be alone. This suggests that Montresor's view of his own cruelty is a fearful one, that he is terrified and disgusted by it. "The clues are part of the larger "system" or "demonstration" motif of the story: Montresor, the diabolical rationalist, systematically demonstrates again and again that the arriviste, Fortunato, does not know, cannot distinguish" (Bloom, 1987, p 55). The plan of getting revenge consists of several stages in order to avoid suspicion and possible punishment. The date of the revenge has been carefully thought. Carnival is a time when people (servants) do not care much about their duties. For this reason, Montresor sends the servants away to the celebration. Montresor knows that Fortunato admires good wine and for this reason he ensnares him proposing to taste Amontillado. Montresor tells Fortunato "You have been imposed upon. And as for Luchresi, he cannot distinguish Sherry from Amontillado" (Poe. N.d.). this base flattery helps Montresor to pursued his victim to join him and drink little wine. The next step planed by Montresor is to astonish his victim. "The Amontillado!" ejaculated my friend, not yet recovered from his astonishment" (Poe, n.d.). After these words, Montresor

Downfall Of Roaring Dragon Hotel Management Essay

Downfall Of Roaring Dragon Hotel Management Essay This proposal will give us a clear description for the downfall of Roaring Dragon Hotel after the change in their management to Hotel International which has failed to improve their profits and quality standards of their hotel. Big issue in the organization was the conflicts between management and their employees which need to be solved in order to get better performance and profits. These conflicts occur between management and employees are due to many reasons like cultural conflicts, inadequate training, and lack of understanding and strict management policies. Applying a single management approach across all work settings around the world may not be effective for motivating the workers and may not yield desired productivity (Najera, 2008). In order to overcome these conflicts the company management should develop strong relationship with employees, understand cultural differences, provide adequate training, and improve employee benefits. This will help improve employee performance , employee relationship, increases organizations profits, margin, and revenue and helps in reducing turnover rate. Introduction: RDH organizations downfall HistoryThe Roaring Dragon Hotel (RDH) was one of the three star hotels in the south-west China, which is famous state owned enterprise (SOE), has 40 years of history. RDH had a very good reputation but the popularity of the hotel started to fade by changing the management to Hotel International (HI). The Hotel International organization had good reputation and recognized as suitable organization to takeover the managment of RDH. Hotel International management took some steps to change the policies of RDH both internally and externally in order to reach international standards which were failed to improve quality standards and resulted great loss.The root cause for this problem is the organizational conflict between management and employees.The HI management failed to understand the culture and failed to develop employee trust and relationship. According to Drucker et al. (1997) the intelligence and spirit of people at all levels of an organization to contin ually build and share knowledge should be the first priority to face global competition and to succeed in their domain. This knowledge sharing is lacking from HI management which created lot of new problems to organization. Background: From early 1960s Roaring Hotel Dragon had good reputation and went through series of changes for surviving from highly competitive world. Being a SOE with 40 years long history, it was one of the regions best premium guest offices for the government officials. The employees of RDH felt proud working for a SOE organization. Cultural difference is the the root cause for increased turn over rate and reduced RDHs glory.In 2001, the government decided to hand over the management control of RDH to HI organization for improving the hotels quality, reputation and brand name. This corporation hired a new manager and replaced the existing manager Mr. Wen to second in command, lost his power and privileges Mr. Wen raised the differences between management and employers. This is one of the root cause for loosing RDHs reputation and its glory. So government decided to end the contract with HI Corporation, taking over the management back by provisional government. Due to management change and cultural differences between employees and management the hotels reputation decreased and continued to fail even though the contract was terminated. The problems will be rectified with good planning, trusting, training and motivating employees and taking decision more effectively. Problem: HI management failed to build trust and employee relationshipThe Major problem in the RDH organization is caused because of the conflicts and cultural differences between the management and employees. This problem is clearly ignored by the HI management after it takeover RDH. One source of conflict may arise out of the division between those who give orders and those who receive them: this, we would suggest, is a problem not only between workers and management, but also within management itself (Stephenson, 1960). Some of the major problems with HI management are listed below: The RDH employees did not will to work under HIs management. Cancellation of their agreements with the Nu Fu travel agency and Loss of critical industry contacts and guanxi connections. Short term contract, Decreased occupancies and motivation, lay off of young employees, Uncertainty of Job security and Increasing the employee workload without paying their wages Older employees were uncomfortable working under non-mandarin speaking HIs managers. Employee dissatisfaction, loss of guanxi cotacts, and lack of motivation caused problems to HI management The first occurred problem for RDH organization is conflict between the KYZ Corporation and the former manager Mr. Wen felt guilty about his privileges when he was a manager were lost and made him second in command. Chinese people had a strong responsibility and relationship with the people who they trust when compared to western culture. Commitment to the supervisor may be particular relevance for understanding the work behavior of Chinese employees (Wang and Kung, 1999). The above reason made Mr. Wen to bring differences in between employees and Hotel international management. Even though Hotel International (HI) management tried to get rid of Mr. Wen, they could not get any support from older employees who were working with the RDH past a long time. HI failed to understand the Chinese culture so they made lot changes to improve the standards to international goals without considering the reactions from its employees. Opportunities: The HI management should have focused on history of the RDH and should have respected the Chinese culture. They should have done more research to analyze the root cause made by KYZ Corporation. They had very good opportunity to understand the culture and involve their employees in decision making process. By respecting their employees interests and thoughts would have improved HIs performance rather than making the decisions on their own. Management should analyze the mistakes and develop employee relationshipBy disrespecting the elderly employees and losing the guanxi connections they failed to build employee relationship. They could have motivate the employees and develop the ethics in the employees. They failed to utilize the best use of their customer relationship. Hotels should also consider including indirect contributors such as word of mouth communication, customer referrals and endorsements (Noone, B. N., Kimes, S. E., Renaghan, L. M, 2003). Recommendations: Management should understand cultural differences and employee opinionsHI management should try to understand the culture and interests of the employees, consider their personal opinion, build the relationship with the employees, provide adequate training, and often conduct employee feedback. The Chinese Employees who are dedicated to their supervisors with who they have a very good relationship. Management should resolve conflicts with their business partners and motivate others to work together in the process of developing their motel to keep-up the global competition. Management should provide training to motivate employeesThe employees should try to ware of the international standards which should be motivated in order to understand their responsible of their work, which should be achieved effectively by providing a proper training. Management should identify the ways to improve the business like build good relationship with their customers who can help in increasing publicity. The longer relationship we have with the customers is important for success of any business. Finally the management and employees should put their efforts as a team instead of going in their individual direction. Their language might be the fundamental barrier between people from many different traditions and cultures of the organization, they should provide translators of different languages in order to maintain the synchronization between employees and management. The employees should be given training by the management regarding their new policies of the organization. The feedback from their employees should be taken frequently to ensure their employee satisfaction. Employees should be given rewards based on their performance, hard work, experience, and annual basis. Conclusion: One of the best example would be Roaring Dragon hotel which had a successful history but then later it had a great downfall, due to which the change of management with lack of communicational skills with its employees. Assigning new management for the hotel caused to the downfall, because of their negligence. The organizational success depends on correcting their mistakes and taking actions towards resolving them. So that we can avoid repeating those mistakes in future. The conflicts between the management and its employees are a well-known issue in any organization and needs to be rectified as soon as possible. Then any organization will be succeeded.

Motion Sickness Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Motion Sickness Ever felt carsick, airsick or seasick? Motion sickness is the most common medical problem associated with travel. As a child I was always told that "it was in my head," that if I wanted to, I could make it go away. I was made to believe that motion sickness was a psychological problem. To certain extend it is true that it is in my head, but it is not a psychological defect, but rather, a disorder that occurs when conflicting sensory information is sent to the brain. This mild and self-treatable disorder can affect anyone, but recent studies seem to imply that motion sickness may affect certain groups of people more than others. This paper will discuss the causes of motion sickness and will question the genetic and racial implications as contributing factors. The anatomy of balance Balance is maintained by a complex interaction of sensory parts of our body. The first are the inner ears, which monitor the directions of motion (such as side to side, back to front, up and down, and turning). Some people may feel dizzy without having to be spinning or turning. This dizziness is sometimes caused by an inner ear problem. Changes of fluids in the semicircular canals of the inner ear are one of the attributing factors of motion sickness. (1). Second, the eyes monitor where the body is in space and also the direction in which the motion is taking place. Third, the skin pressure receptors (joints and spine) send messages to the brain to inform what part of the body is down and touching the ground. Lastly, the muscle and joint sensory receptors are in charge of informing the brain which parts of the body are in motion. Through the interaction of all these parts, the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal c... ...should therefore, not be used or imply that motion sickness is part of one's self identity. It is true that some individuals are naturally prone to motion sickness since childhood (including myself), but this should not be because one is Latino or African-American. In fact, I dismiss the notion that race has anything to with one having motion sickness. Perhaps, it would've been better to investigate the environment and conditions of where people are located; there may be risk factors related to one's location in a geographical space. References 1)What Causes Motion Sickness http://www.bcrescue.org/carsickness.html 2)Dizziness and Motion Sickness http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/balance/dizziness.cfm?o=0 3)What's Motion Sickness http://community.healthgate.com/ 4)What Causes Motion Sickness http://www.motion-sickness.net/aboutms2.htm<br>

Saint Augustine of Hippo

Biography: Aurelius Augustinus (referred to as â€Å"St. Augustine of Hippo) was born in Tagaste (now Souk- Ahras), North Africa on November 13, 354. His family was not rich growing up but Augustine still received a Christian education. Wild as a child he had a long-term relationship with a freedwoman who bore him a son. When he was 19 he was introduced to philosophy at Carthage where he became a brilliant student who mastered Latin and knew Greek. He worked as a professor at Carthage for a while but sometimes the students didn’t pay the professors after attending all the classes, so he got annoyed and traveled to Rome to seek a fortune.When he was in his thirties he converted to Christianity and entered a monastery. He spent the rest of his life working on his philosophical writings. In 395 he was ordained Bishop of Hippo. He died of a fever on August 28, 430 during the third month of the siege of Hippo by the barbarians. Philosophy on Law: St. Augustine believed and wrote e xtensively about natural law. He defines natural law as â€Å"an instilled law written on the human heart or conscience†. Augustine believed natural law was one of the ways God governs humans. His notions of natural law lead him to a discussion about just and unjust laws.He believed just laws were derived from natural law. Additionally he believed, those laws not following natural law, were unjust and â€Å"is no law at all† Strengths and Weaknesses: There are a few weaknesses when it comes to Augustine’s belief on natural law. Natural law is grounded in religion and in todays world people want a different legal system between the church and state. This makes them tend to avoid the reference to â€Å"natural law†. Another weakness is Augustine’s believed that some laws were written on peoples hearts. This leads to the question, why is there bad people?Not to say all of natural law is a weakness because it does have some strengths. One strength, to natural law is despite all the different religions and geography’s most societies have a common set of principals that lands credibility to the theory of natural law. Another strength is the argument of natural law allows for separation between church and state in laws of punishments. St. Augustine would definitely support civil disobedience. He believed if a law was unjust than it was no law at all. He thought that there were laws written on your heart and if a law wasn’t written on your heart than it was an unjust law.Therefore he didn’t consider it a law. Below is a short video of Martin Luther King saying his famous speech â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham jail†. St. Augustine is known for his creation of natural law. Augustine discovered that God creates at least some moral aspects. St. Augustine, along with St. Paul, and St. Thomas Aquinas founded the notion of an instilled law written on the human heart or conscience. It was created through the synthe sis of notions such as natural justice and the biblical belief in a greater being and lawgiver that we think of as being natural law.Augustine’s most famous quote is also has the greatest impact on natural law. His quote was â€Å"an unjust law is no law at all†. He means that justice is the sole purpose of law and if the law isn’t fair, than it is not serving justice. Augustine on Free Choice of the Will: â€Å"Now every punishment is a punishment for sin, if it is just, and is called a penalty; but if the punishment is unjust, since none doubts it is a punishment, it is imposed on man by an unjust ruler. This piece of writing by Augustine talks about just and unjust laws and the reason for punishments.It reinforces his position that an unjust law is no law at all. The Problem of Free Choice: Book One. Will not any intelligent man regard that law as unchangeable and eternal, which is termed the law of reason? We must always obey it; it is the law through which wicked men deserve an unhappy, and good men a happy life, and through which the law we have said should be called temporal is rightly decreed and rightly changed. Can it even be unjust that the wicked should be unhappy and the good happy, or that a well-disciplined people should be self-governing, while an ill-disciplined people should be deprived of this privilege.I see that this law is eternal and unchangeable. I think you also see that men derive all that is just and lawful in temporal law from eternal law. For if a nation is justly not self-governing at one time, and justify not self-governing at another time, the justice of this temporal change is derived from that eternal principle by which it is always right for a disciplined people to be self-governing, but not a people that is undisciplined. This part of Augustine’s writing backs up his theory of natural law. He is attempting to reconcile the relationship between natural law and mans free will.He believes that natur al law is a part of every human being and freewill is the ability of man to choose between what is the right thing and what is wrong. All of Augustine’s writing and books were originally written in Latin and have been translated into several different languages over the years. Most of his writing was religious in nature and his views on laws were derived from his desire to understand god’s relationship with society. Two Questions: 1) How is the concept of natural law relevant in today’s society and courts? ) What do you think some of the natural laws are? Examples of natural law: human rights, etc. Natural law is the theory or belief that certain rights exist independently of any government's granting of those rights. Generally, whenever a group rebels against their government and asserts rights that the government hasn't granted them, they are making a claim of natural law. Many children, for example, appeal to a sense of fairness in disputes, and most people a round the world agree that murder is a severe  infraction  of natural law.For example, the declaration of independence was an assertion of natural law – the right to be free, the right not to be taxed without representation, etc. , if you believe you are entitled to these rights just by virtue of the fact that you are alive/human, you believe in natural law. It can also work the other way; certain actions are criminal just by virtue of the acts themselves, such as murder (malum per se). Positive law, on the other hand, is the theory or belief that all law comes from the government/lawmakers (Malum prohibitum).Basically, you have no rights that are not granted to you from the government, and no action is inherently right or wrong under the law unless there is legislature or court-created law that says so. Basically, murder isn't illegal because it's â€Å"evil† or bad, it's illegal because there's a written law in the books that says so. Natural law and natural righ ts follow from the nature of man and the world. We have the right to defend ourselves and our property, because of the kind of animals that we are.True law derives from this right, not from the arbitrary power of the omnipotent state. Natural law has objective, external existence. It follows from the ESS (evolutionary stable strategy) for the use of force that is natural for humans and similar animals. The ability to make moral judgments, the capacity to know good and evil, has immediate evolutionary benefits: just as the capacity to perceive three dimensionally tells me when I am standing on the edge of a cliff, so the capacity to know good and evil tells me if my companions are liable to cut my throat.It evolved in the same way, for the same straightforward and uncomplicated reasons, as our ability to throw rocks accurately. Read more:  http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_examples_of_a_natural_law#ixzz27LOHpIBl http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/augustine/ http://americanengli shdoctor. com/wordpress/literacy/basic-literacy/general-knowledge-2/basic-literature/letter-from-birmingham-jail/1758