Anabolic Steroids in Major League Baseball Essay - 1824 Words

Major League Baseball’s (MLB) commissioners are debating about the anabolic steroids situation that is occurring in professional baseball today. To many professionals are getting accused of using the harmful drug. Professional baseball players are getting tested twice a year for anabolic substances throughout the course of the regular season. In order to stop steroids in MLB, commissioners should pass random drug testing. Tony Larussa stated, â€Å"By having random drug tests, it would make the game of baseball true once again.† Steroids are ruining the game of baseball, and the commissioners need to decide on something soon. By having random drug tests in Major League Baseball throughout the season, it would fix the problems that baseball is†¦show more content†¦Steroids can also cause hair loss, formation of â€Å"Mini breasts† and penile shrinking and low to no sperm production. Steroids can also cause heart disease, pain while urinating, HIV/aids fro m sharing needles, and cancer. Withdraw symptoms also start up after taking â€Å"roids†. Illness, dizziness, vision problems, anxiety, and depression are just some of the problems that can happen to the body and mind. Steroids not only affect the body but also the mind too. It is proven that when an athlete takes steroids they tend to be more of an aggressive person in society’s eyes. The advantage of having an aggressive behavior is that the abuser is more focused and trains more intensely. The bad part about taking steroids is that the person becomes easily irritated and impatient. Even after an athlete stops using steroids they seem to develop depression because they experience withdraw symptoms. It is against federal law to use steroids without a prescription. Professional athletes usually do not think about how much trouble steroids can give them. In 1990, President George W. Bush signed a bill to put steroids in the category of methamphetamines, opium and morphi ne. If someone would get caught using steroids they could be punished up to one year in prison, a twenty thousand dollar fine, and a year of drug classes (New Law†¦). It seems that players are getting bigger, faster, and stronger every season. Athletes mainly take steroids because they see results faster thanShow MoreRelatedAnabolic Steroids are Ruining Major League Baseball Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesMajor League Baseball (MLB) has widely been regarded as America’s pastime for the longest time, however it is now becoming known as the sport tainted by one thing, anabolic steroids. An anabolic steroid is related to the natural steroid, testosterone. They are able to stimulate growth in the muscle tissue. They usually increase muscle mass and strength. The MLB has created some of the most historic American icons, such as Babe Ruth and Ted Williams. Players like them showed us what it was like toRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay example1596 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Steroids are unhealthy for baseball players and they are giving the game of baseball a bad reputation. Since steroids have become such a hot topic in Major League Baseball (MLB) fans have had nothing but bad things to say about the sport and its players. When sports illustrated asked some of its readers to give reaction to the steroid controversy in the MLB here is what baseball fan Howard Langsner from New York had to say Horrible, just horrible. We takeRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On Sports Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pages Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids are a substance that is most commonly used by a small number of athletes take to make their body stronger, get bigger, and recover quicker. They are synthetic substance that is similar to the male hormone testosterone(Steroid Effects). They can be taken in several forms such as shot,pill or gel. The arguments for and against steroids are very common and there are several strong points made for each argument. Steroids are extremely powerful substances that haveRead MoreSteroids : The Corruption Of Baseball1287 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids: The Corruption of Baseball Steroids changed the game of baseball for an era by transforming the game from defensively oriented mindsets to who could offensively â€Å"out-slug† one another. Steroids have changed the game of baseball due to the fact that it makes you stronger and the players that use it can hit the ball a lot further than others. Steroids are performance enhancing drugs most commonly used by athletes or bodybuilders so that they can gain more muscle quickly and easily to haveRead More Anabolic Steroids Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages Steroids Probably one of the biggest stories in the news today is steroids in Major League Baseball. This is one of the reasons that I chose to do my research paper on steroids. I knew that it would not be hard to find information on the issue. I also needed to have a topic that relates to my service learning project. This is helping coach a high school track and field team. And as you will read later, I talk about steroids with high school athletes. I also wanted to improve my knowledge on theRead MoreEssay on Steroids Effects on baseball and the Players1441 Words   |  6 Pages Steroids have taken over the game of baseball and more players are starting to get involved with them. Steroids are a big part of the Major League today in 2014, yet they entered the game of baseball through trainer Curtis Wenzlaff in 1992. Players and the game’s images are ravaged when they become caught up in steroids. Some of the best players to ever play the game of baseball have been caught up in steroi ds, including Barry Bonds, Sammy Sosa, and Mark McGwire. Players with this level of skillRead MoreSteroids Abuse in Baseball1746 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of Americas Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behavior orRead More Steroid Abuse Hurts Baseball Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of America?s Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behaviorRead MoreSteroids in Major League Baseball800 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Major League Baseball Anabolic steroids have been abused by Major League Baseball players for years, it’s time to forever ban the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs before they ruin America’s past time. Why should athletes be able to cheat when teammates or rivals are competing with honest effort? Every year records are broken and new heights are achieved, the game of baseball is very simple yet very humble, and to deceive the game you love, forever will you be punished. Let me informRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1554 Words   |  7 Pagesgames for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people are caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and many negative consequences are caused from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause

Materialismin in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry Free Essays

Money is like a double ended sword, as it makes life easier on one hand while at the same time most of the problems in many families all revolve around money. Raisin in the sun play was written by Hansberry which the center of all the issues they are facing hence the central motif in the story. The Younger family made up of five is living in a house fit for three as they try to gain middle-class acceptance in the community as they are a lower-class black family. We will write a custom essay sample on Materialismin in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry or any similar topic only for you Order Now A $10,000 check is to arrive through the mail as insurance check Big Walter worked hard to attain and each family member has different opinions on how the check should be spent. Lena, Ruth, and Beneatha imagine money as a path towards their road out of poverty, but Walter sees money as the only way out of their current life to a better one. He has big dreams and fantasies of how the funds will heighten his social standing as well as acquire items which he currently can’t afford due to his low paying job as a chauffeur. In the begging of the play Walter hurriedly rushes in and asks â€Å"Did it come?† To which his mother replies â€Å"Can’t you give people a Christian greeting before you start asking about money?† This clearly shows that Walter does not care about anything else apart from the check they are about to receive. In act 1 scene two Lena argues with Walter whether money has become life this day as there used to be a time when people did consider freedom as life. Walter gets back to her saying that all along it has always been about money it’s just that people did not know about it. Walter tries to show the reader that money is the center of everything, having it one can be able to attain any social class they desire. However, this is not true as money is not always a guarantee happiness and success in life. There are many other things which money can never be able to buy them. Lena has always wanted a bigger house with a backyard and with the arrival of the check comes the chance for her to get her family a better house. This is seen as a way of climbing up the social class in the society. Even though Walter is not happy about the decision of buying the house let alone the neighborhood they will have to have into is a white only. He accuses his mother of killing his dream of opening a liquor store yet she is the one talking about dreaming big. However, Lena always has her son in mind and is willing to give him a chance as she hands him the remaining amount for him to pay Beneatha’s tuition fees and save the rest. Having big dreams and plans is always a way of life but when the limits of how big the goals should be are exceeded then a problem may arise within an individual especially if not given a chance to achieve those dreams. Lena is well aware of this as she advises her son that it is not worth holding onto anything be it money or ideas if in the end, it is going to destroy you. Chasing after money alone will make one lose out on many other essential aspects of life. With the hopes of opening a liquor store drowning after Bobo tells Walter that their alleged friend has swindled them, and the money is no more he angrily says, â€Å"Man, must trust you†¦Man, I put my life in your hands†¦man†. And with that, he is back to having only dreams only about a better future. Money has become an idol which everyone is worshiping or chasing after including children. Travis asks for 50 cents from Ruth before he heads to school which he is denied at first but later Walter hands him a one dollar bill. Children have also become obsessed with money in the society, and it is becoming a norm to pay them off with every little thing they do or help around in the homestead. This eventually leads to them growing with the belief that money is everything hence will always chase after it. All the money is gone and Walter being frustrated, Mama still says that there is something left to love about him and asks if they have cried for the Walter for what he must be going through and the experience he has passed through. Lena knows that money is not everything provided that the family is healthy and happy everything is okay. Karl Lindner is sent to the Youngers to acquire the house they had previously bought in a white neighborhood at a price even higher than the original price tag as the residents of Clybourne don’t have any relationship with the black family in order to move out because they have worked hard and will do anything to protect their dreams. However, Lana is against the idea of selling the house as she tells her Walter, â€Å"Son I come from five generations of people who was slaves and sharecroppers but ain’t nobody in my family never let nobody pay them no money that was a way of telling us we weren’t fit to walk the earth. We ain’t never been that poor. We ain’t never been that dead inside.† The white neighborhood believes that with money they can acquire anything even get the Youngers to sell their house simply because they do not want them living amongst them even if it means paying a higher price to buy the house. Despite all, in the end, a family is what comes first. Lena knows that it is the family is superior to money that is why she does not get mad when Walter misuses his entire father’s life work in a day by getting conned. Ruth feels the same way, and all she cares about is her family is happy. Willy who was supposed to be a friend to both Walter and Bobo decides to walk away with all their money in the name of going to get a license but never returns. Their friendship ceases to exist all for money. Many strong friendships and relationships come to an end with the cause being money. Everybody believes that money is everything and they can even sacrifice their friend’s dreams to get it. Walter is all about being great and climbing the social class in the society. He puts his dreams ahead of Beneatha’s dream of attending medical school and ends up losing all the money. She does not take this well in the beginning as she says; â€Å"Did you dream of yachts on Lake Michigan, Brother? Did you see yourself on that Great Day sitting down at the Conference Table, surrounded by all the mighty bald men in America? All halted, waiting, breathless, waiting for your pronouncements on the industry? Waiting for you Chairman of the Board, I look at you, and I see the final triumph of stupidity in the world!† Hansberry Central motif in the play is money as the whole plot revolves around the $10,000 check the Youngers receive after their father passed away. Money easily tears families apart if every member is always chasing it as conflicts are bound to happen. It is the root of evil in the society today as all bad things happening are mainly due to people’s thirst for money. Many innocent individuals have fallen victims even some end up dead if they try to stop someone from stealing or harming others for money. Immorality is on the rise and the number of youth engaging in prostitution and other immoral activities such as stealing for money has risen in the past the reason being everybody wants to get rich but no one is willing to work hard for it hence looks for an alternative method to getting it and this tends to be activities going against what is morally right. Conclusively, the author clearly shows that Walter does not care about anything else apart from the check they are about to receive. In addition, Money easily tears families apart if every member is always chasing it as conflicts are bound to happen. It is the root of evil in the society today as all bad things happening are mainly due to people’s thirst for money. How to cite Materialismin in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, Papers

Japanese Real Estate Investment Market †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Japanese Real Estate Investment Market. Answer: Introduction There are plenty of risks that could be associated with an overseas investment. These risks could be associated with a number of factors such as geographical distance, economic risks, the lack of expertise in dealing with Japanese firms and many others. However, the primary concerns with this investment are the market risks of investing in Tokyo. The property will be shared with HSG and the operational risks are expected to be low. The property will be low since the costs of operating the property can be as low as 3%. Additionally, tenants will pay a share in the maintenance of the property. The cost of acquiring new tenants may also be low since the brokerage is expected to be around 3%. The lease length is ten years which helps insure against the volatility of the market. However, primary risk assessment demonstrates that there are plenty of market risks that must be considered before an investment in the property is made. Investment in this property like all other properties of Delta Q would be based on a quantitative measurement of risks and expected growth. Since, market risks are the expected to play an important role in the success of this investment, it is necessary to assess the market risks from various aspects. Ideally, the investment in this property should have a similar or a greater cap rate to the current properties held by Delta Q, so that the opportunity costs of capital invested are lower. Market for Real Estate Space in Tokyo Tokyo is the largest metropolitan in the world, apart from being the capital of Japan. The population all over the country is on a decline but has been increasing the Tokyo Metropolitan area. It is expected that Tokyo will maintain its population.(Nomura Research Institute Ltd., 2013) Hence, the consumption of goods is expected to remain high. Additionally, Tokyo is strategically located as city surrounded by ports. Hence, the demand for logistical properties is expected to be high in Tokyo. This implies that the market for rentals in Tokyo will be high. The ability to lease out is a property is the biggest risk that could be faced throughout the expected holding period of 10 years. The ability to lease out the property would determine the cash flows for the partnership, significantly. The lack of sufficient cash flows would could affect the liquidity of the partnership and have a contagion effect on Delta Q. The vacancy rate of similar properties in Tokyo is low, currently, and had consistently remained low. The highest vacancy rate for similar properties , has been 20%. However, this rate was achieved during at the peak of the Global Financial Crisis. This occurred during the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009. Hence, the market for rental space in the near future for Tokyo was expected to be high. Similarly, the vacancy rate of similar properties i.e. logistics properties held in J-REIT portfolios has low, and looks positive in the current scenario. However, the volatility of the vacancy rates of these properties seems to be a cause of concern. A look at the previous trends has shown that the vacancy rates, once spurred by economic factors, tended to climb high in a very short period of time and showed a very vertical trend. This was seen during the Global Financial Crisis, in the quarter of May-August 2010, during the quarter of November 2011 - February 2012, and then again during the quarter of May 2012- August 2012. The sharp rise in vacancy rates could affect the ability to lease the property and presents the risk of frequent liquidity shocks. The graph for vacancy rates between August 2006 and December 2013 highlights a concern that Delta Quantitative Real Estate Capital would have to struggle to keep the property occupied throughout the year. On the supply side of the market, the supply of warehouses has been showing an increasing trend since 2009. The supply of the logistical space available for rentals was over 8000 square meters in 2003. In addition, there are over 17 logistics development projects in the pipeline, with at least six projects located close to the major ports. It is clear that the Tokyo market may experience a sudden rise in the supply of properties for logistical use, during the expected holding period. Tokyo has seen properties market rents that were close to the 1300 Yen per square meter per month. However, the market rate hovers around 1,150 Yen. It is important that the market rent might be high due to the very low vacancy rates in Tokyo currently and it is possible that the rents could drop in the future. Operating expenses are at 350 Yen/ Square metres per month currently. These expenses are not expected to go very high since the Japanese bank has a target inflation of 2%. As a developed country and a country with an ageing population, the inflation rates in Japan are not expected to be high like some developing countries like India or China. Hence, the expenses for operating and maintaining the property are expected to remain stable. Financial Market for Property Assets Bond Yields: Bond Yields in Japan are expected to hover around 2%, in line with the current monetary policy, according to earlier projections. Currently, interest rates in Japan are lower than most of the developed world. This could translate into cheap creditHowever, the Japanese government has suggested that the country will pursue an aggressive monetary policy that will help increase the inflation as well as higher interest rate payments for credit.(Ranasinghe, 2013) De-Regulation of the REIT Market: It is expected that there will be deregulation in the J-REIT market which will help Delta take control or provide credit into the partnership, should the need arise. (Nomura Research Institute Ltd., 2013) This should be seen as a positive for the partnership. In case of deregulatory reforms, it will be easier to invest and divest from the partnership. Gross Domestic Product: The GDP of Japan has hovered around the 2% per annum mark since the early 1990s and is expected to continue to grow within the range of 0% to 2% until 2018, at least. The stable GDP growth could be a double edged sword. Economic stability is expected and hence, can increase certainty. On the other hand, a stable GDP implies that there may not be higher demand for goods and the rental rates would not be expected to rise very high, at least for the next five years. This limits the cap. However, if the new economic reforms go as expected then the growth rate might increase. This could affect the availability of credit as well as the operating expenses. The US Dollar - Yen Exchange Rate: The Japanese Yen has depreciated as compared to the US Dollar since 2003. Japan, recently, posted its first trade deficit in over three decades. This implies that the Japanese Yen may not appreciate soon. This is a positive since this will increase the value of the cap. Decline of exports, on the other hands, may point towards a decline in the demand for logistic properties. Financial Analysis Cash Flows during the Period. All costs and revenues given below are accrued in Japanese Yen. Table 1 Assured Rental Receipts during the Holding Period Rental Revenue Year Nippon 7 eleven Japan Uniqlo Total 2014 310320000 139920000 209880000 660120000 2015 310320000 139920000 209880000 660120000 2016 310320000 139920000 209880000 660120000 2017 139920000 209880000 349800000 2018 139920000 209880000 349800000 2019 209880000 209880000 2020 209880000 209880000 2021 209880000 209880000 2022 0 2023 0 Table 2 Total Assured Operating Expenses Receivable Year Nippon 7 eleven Japan Uniqlo Total 42000000 21000000 31500000 94500000 2014 42840000 21420000 32130000 96390000 2015 43696800 21848400 32772600 98317800 2016 0 22285368 33428052 55713420 2017 0 22731075.36 34096613.04 56827688.4 2018 0 0 34778545.3008 34778545.3008 2019 0 0 35474116.206816 35474116.206816 2020 0 0 36183598.5309523 36183598.5309523 2021 0 0 0 0 2022 0 0 0 0 2023 0 Table 3 Total Assured Receivables Year Total Operating Revenue 2014 1643040000 2015 1643040000 2016 1643040000 2017 1022400000 2018 1022400000 2019 602640000 2020 602640000 2021 602640000 2022 0 2023 0 Table 4 Expected Building Management Expenses Property Management Expenses Year Nippon 7 eleven Japan Uniqlo 2014 10569600 4827600 6971400 2015 10594800 4840200 6990300 2016 10620504 4853052 7009578 2017 0 4866161.04 7029241.56 2018 0 4879532.2608 7049298.3912 2019 0 0 7069756.359024 2020 0 0 7090623.48620448 2021 0 0 7111907.95592856 2022 0 0 0 2023 0 0 0 Table 5 Expected Operating Expenses Year Operating Expenses Per Month Nippon 7 eleven Japan Uniqlo Total 2014 4200 84000000 42000000 63000000 189004200 2015 4284 85680000 42840000 64260000 192784284 2016 4369.68 87393600 43696800 65545200 196639969.68 2017 4457.0736 89141472 44570736 66856104 200572769.0736 2018 4546.2150 90924301.44 45462150.72 68193226.08 204584224.455072 2019 4637.13937 92742787.4688 46371393.7344 69557090.6016 208675908.944173 2020 4729.88216 94597643.218176 47298821.609088 70948232.413632 212849427.123057 2021 4824.4798 96489596.0825396 48244798.0412698 72367197.0619047 217106415.665518 2022 4920.969 98419388.0041904 49209694.0020952 73814541.0031428 221448543.978829 2023 5019.38878 100387775.7642 50193887.8821371 75290831.8232056 225877514.858405 Table 6 Total Expected Capital Investment in First Year Expenses Costs Total Purchase Expenses 5340862575 Total Brokerage Costs 166327200 Tenant Improvement costs 62500000 Recommendations There are plenty of macro Economic risks that could be experienced within this partnership. However, Tokyo is a safe for Delta Quantitative Real Estate Capital (Delta Q) to begin its journey into foreign investment due to the relative economic stability it offers. However, the experience of the contagion of th Global Financial Crisis also, suggests that the economy of Japan is greatly linked to the economy of USA. Hence, strategically, a recession in USA could be followed by a recession in Japan. That beats the primary purpose of diversification which is to provide respite in case the US economy experiences difficult times. There are positives for this investment on the economic front. If the expected aggressive monetary policies go through and the availability of consumer credit rises, then the demand for warehouses would also be affected. Deregulation of J-REIT could be another positive factor that would be an incentive to go ahead with this project. On the other hand, the Tokyo market is relatively saturated with properties for logistical purposes that are already available or in the pipeline. It is strongly recommended that Delta Q considers an investment in the project and adopts a policy of wait and watch for the next three months. If there is a strong push in reforms that would bring in greater deregulation and easier availability of credit, then this investment may be worthwhile. References Nomura Research Institute Ltd. (2013, April). Japanese Real Estate Investment Market 2013. Retrieved from Nomura Research Institute Ltd., consulting Division: https://www.nri.com/jp/opinion/r_report/pdf/japanreport2013_en_final.pdf Ranasinghe, D. (2013, Aoril 4). Bank of Japan Unveils Aggressive Monetary Policy. Retrieved from CNBC: https://www.cnbc.com/id/100614755

Samsung Ansoff Matrix and Generic Strategies free essay sample

Over the past few years the company has shown tremendous ontogeny. Indeed it is Europes largest low cost carrier and fastest growing airlines. Currently it’s operating more than 1,500 flights every day from over 50 bases and around 1400 low fare routes across 28 countries which connect 165 destinations. Now I am going to discuss Ryan air’s (RA) current strategic position by analysing its macro (external)and micro (internal) environment. Macro Environment Macro environment consist of those major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organizations decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. Now, i am going to analyse company’s position by using PESTLE and porter’s 5 Forces. Pestle Analysis: This is mainly used to analyse the wider macro environment in which the business operates. The organisation normally have no control over PESTLE factors and at best should try to accommodate and device strategies around these factors or issues. Political factors: The political environment in EU has been stable, enabling Ryan air to expand its routes and activities successfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Ansoff Matrix and Generic Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The increase in Air Passenger Duty in UK in 2009, 2010 and 2012 (? 11, 12, 13 ) and the EU Airport Charges applicable from March 2011 have affected the operating costs of Ryan air consequently. The repeated European government owned Air Traffic Control strikes have also caused a huge loss for airline industry as these strikes forced RA to cancel huge number of flights. Ryanair also had to pay compensation to passengers based on EU 261 reforms. Economic factors The interest rates in England is 0. 5% which has a positive affect and will encourage RA to borrow money on low interest rates to expand their business activities. (buying air crafts etc. ) The high unemployment rate in EU and UK has resulted in less people travelling even by low-fare airiness. This has a negative impact on RA as the ratio of domestic flights in Uk has been decreased due to less disposable income. The economic instability in Greece, France, Hungary and Italy has resulted in low demand for air travelling, thats why many airlines are cutting their routes including RA. The social environment It can be explained by different demographic trends. Majority of the people living in UK and EU countries are individualistic and they prefer to travel during their vacations. A substantial increase in leisure travelling, student migration programs within the EU nations has resulted in an increased demand for low-fare airlines especially Ryan air. The free trade concept specially in European union, has made possible for Rain Air to earn some revenue from the business community. Technological factor Internet is the most powerful tool available to travel marketers. RA and its competitors have their internet-based reservation system which helps to increase the number of passengers. RA uses the modern aircrafts with new generation engines, which result in less emissions and less fuel consumption; and allows the company to move on through its cost reduction strategy. Ryanair has introduced online check-in and self services in airports for the passengers which has received a mixed response from the passengers especially people travelling with families. Legal factors The emission constraint set by the European commission and its activeness of monitoring antitrust law and policies, sooner or later will affect the RA strategies; as EU legislation on working time regulation and union recognition, could seriously threaten RA policies and revenues. Due to BAA airport monopoly, Uk Court of Appeal asked BAA to sell Stansted and Glasgow airport (October 2010) to increase competition; which has helped RA in increasing their market share by increasing the traffic at those airports which had declined due to BAAs high cost and mismanagement. Environmental Factors As for the environmental aspect, Ryan air is currently the industry leader in terms of environmental efficiency. As per requirement of Environmental Protection Laws Ryan air operates a single-aircraft-type fleet of Boeing 737-800 â€Å"next generation† with an average age of only 3. 4 years which are aimed at minimizing drag, thereby reducing the rate of fuel burnt and noise levels. The unit emission per passenger has also reduced due to the inherent capacity increase in the Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The new cap-and-trade scheme of EU for CO2 emission control can effect RA cost management based on the allowances to be needed in 2012. Now we are going to analyse industrial environment of RA using porter’s five forces. Porter’s 5 Forces The 5 forces are the environmental forces that impact on the companies ability to compete in the given market. The purpose of 5 forces analysis is to diagnose the principal competitive pressures in a market and assess how strong and important each one is. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants is low. The short haul market is highly competitive as it needs high capital investment, special licenses and flight authorisation. Then the restriction or lack of slot availability makes it even more difficult for new entrants, to assess many airports. Any new entrant should have a differentiation strategy to enter and stay competitive in the market. The low threat of new entrants has provided RA an opportunity to grow and focus on the existing customers. Ryan Air has consolidated its position in the market with a brand differentiation as low-cost airline. The power of buyers: At present, the bargaining power of buyer for RA is medium/high due to the alternative options available and switching to another airline is relatively simple and doesnt imply further cost. Internet has made it easier for the customers to have an access to the latest low fare offers, provided by different airlines and do the comparison among their prices and services as well. Though Ryan Air has 7% growth in volume of passenger in third quarter of 2011 but they are not getting good customer service feedback and customers are not loyal to RA. So, RA should consider its other extra-cost factors like customer service, punctuality etc. to attract the new and retain its existing customers. The power of suppliers: The bargaining power of supplier is high. The suppliers for Ryan Air include aircraft suppliers, airports, fuel suppliers, catering etc. Boeing and Airbus are the only two aircraft suppliers. Ryan Air uses only single type of aircraft Boeing 737-800 and so faces high switching cost related to maintainability. Ryan Air uses regional airports which have low bargaining power as they are heavily dependant on one airline. Bigger airports where RAs competitors operate, have greater bargaining power. RAs policy is to avoid these airports. Price of aviation fuel is directly related to the cost of oil; RA controls this successfully through hedging. So rising fuel prices could not be a threat to RA in future. Threat of Substitutes: Threat of substitutes is very high as there are number of substitutes available to the customers. Induction of high speed trains and cars with low fuel consumption are the biggest competitors of Ryan air; as they have attracted the young generation in EU nations towards land transport which is easier to access and use. In Ryan Air’s case: Depending upon the price/performance ratio, passengers of airline can easily opt for the land travel substitutes like trains, cars or ferries. For e. g. the high speed trains in UK like Euro star are the main competitors as these trains give almost same services in similar budget as that of RA Moreover the stations are nearer the city centre than the regional airports (RA). Hence, there is no brand loyalty for RA. Competitive Rivalry: The low cost airline industry in UK is highly competitive and most of the advantages can be copied easily. There is no much differentiation on services among LCC; thus the main differentiating factor for RA is price. One of the main competitors of RA is Easyjet which like RA offers no-frills, short haul travel in low cost. So far, the direct competition has been avoided by mainly operating from/to different destinations; the moment the competition should become direct, there will be heavy pressure on prices, revenues and profitability consequently. Other competitors are Aer Lingus, Analysis of the internal environment An analysis on Ryan air internal environment needs to be done to assess the extent to which companys strategies are suitable to what is happening in its task environment. Micro environment This environment influences the organization directly. Firm has full control over these factors. For the analysing the micro environment of the RA, I will use SW analysis. SWOT This is an overall evaluation of the companies strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal and can be controlled by the organisation while opportunities and threats are external. The objective of SWOT is to identify and convert the threats into opportunities and weaknesses into strengths. Strengths: Ryan air provides no-frills, point-to-point services on short haul routes which allow offering its low fares by cutting down the unnecessary frills like meals, video etc. The source-to-destination service cuts down extra service charges on connecting passengers and baggage transfer resulting in reduction of baggage losses. RA has earned a good repute due to its punctuality and in 2010 the rate of on-time departure was 88%. RAs aircraft maintenance cost is controlled by using single type of aircraft Boeing737-800 with average age of 3. 4 years. However its 374. 6 millions profit (2011), 8056 staff and a fleet of 275 air crafts displays its spectacular strength. Weaknesses: Ryan air has poor public image and had been involved in different controversies regarding customers dissatisfaction through misleading adverts. In different customer satisfaction surveys, Ryan air has been voted among the bottom players. The reasons for this also include unfriendly staff, uncomfortable seats, hidden costs, insufficient safety measures etc. Recently Ryan air has been accused for charging passengers for boarding pass. It has also been criticized for extra luggage allowance and higher credit card fee per passenger. After analysing its strength and weaknesses we can say that government policies in EU, different EU regulations like compensation for travellers for delay or cancellation of flights, CO2 emission regulations etc. ; recent economic crisis in some EU countries is worth mentioning, all these are a constant threat and can have adverse effects on the operating cost of RA. Else security threats needs to be addressed constantly and demand more and more effective steps to be taken, to maintain Ryan air s passengers volume. Moreover, to compete with substitutes like fast speed cars, ferries, trains and coach services throughout UK and Europe is a big challenge for RA as those services are also easy to access and economical for the customers. Fluctuation in currency rates is another issue which can directly affect the revenue earned by RA as it recorded foreign exchange losses of 1. 0 million in the 2010; due to the strengthening of the U. K. pound sterling and U. S. ollar exchange rates against the Euro. It provides four different growth strategies: Market Penetration, Market Development, Product Development, Diversification. Corporate Level Strategy (Ansoffs Matrix) Existing New Products Products Existing Markets Market Penetration The firms growth with existing products in the current market segment. For e. g sales, promotions, seasonal offers, royalty cards etc. Product Development The firms growth by targeting its existing market segment with new product. For e. g. apple introducing new ipad s. New Markets Market Development The firm targets new market with its existing products. For e. g. Tesco going to USA with the same products to capture that market. Diversification The firms growth into new businesses by developing new products for new markets. For e. g. Virgin introducing low fare flights by the name Virgin Australia. After analysing Ryanairs growth in the industry we suggest that Ryanair should use these two strategies: †¢Product Development †¢Diversification 1- Product Development keeping in mind the technological advancement in the airline industry RA should enhance its product development strategy by introducing Satellite phone in its air crafts. This will help in attracting business travellers; once find it beneficial, they will start travelling frequently by RA. . This satellite phone which also includes video conferencing will help the business community to have a continual communication or remain in contact with their businesses. RA can spread the cost by charging the facility from its customers. Strategic Evaluation and selection Product development Suitability Offering of satellite communication will increase market share and will especially help in attracting more business travellers. Acceptability Risk: medium- it may be expensive because of maintenance expense of satellite communication. Return : medium as it might take some time for business community to chose RA, solely for satellite phone. Reaction : mixed kind of reaction can be predictable. Feasibility Money: They have sufficient financial resources to support their product development. Other wise they can raise funds by issuing shares, as well as low interest rate can also help in raising finance. People time: RA can also outsource their new products saving enough time and minimising their operational costs. 2- Differentiation RA can internationalise by using Diversification strategy. It can be done by introducing long- haul flights into a new market. It means new product targeting new market such as India. Long haul flights that can accommodate travellers easily and are facilitated with all the required immigration facilities. RA has chosen Asian market and especially India because Indian airline is the fastest growing passenger market in major economies up to 18% in 2011. The life style of people in India is changing and buying power of the Indian market is increasing . Indians economy is stable and growing. Else India has got so many attractions for the tourists. While entering India, RA should acquire Air Asia to grow and plan for the long term. RA need to launch aggressive market campaign to reach out to new customers and to grow in the new market. Diversification seems to be the best suitable practise in this environment as airline industry has started to decline. Going to long haul in suitable and aligns with its strategy. RA can use its Boeing 737-800 aircrafts which new generation engines, which result in less emissions and less fuel consumption. Acceptability Risk: High as market (Asian) and product (long haul) ; both are new for RA. But this can be minimised by making an alliance with Air Asia which is experienced and dealing with both. Level of Though uncertainity exists but high risk – high return. Return : high. Adopting the new strategy is always a challenge. But it is expected that RAs diversification strategy will result in increased passengers volume and high profit margins; due to acquisition with AirAsia. Reaction : Positive. Customers are expected to be happy as RA will maintain its low fare strategy. It will create new job opportunities in UK and India.

Free Essays on Java Security

Introduction Java is a new programming language from Sun Microsystems (currently in beta release). The Java language has a number of interesting properties. One property is that it is intended to be portable, even to the extent that programs can be dynamically loaded over the network and run locally. In particular, small programs called applets can be loaded and run by a user's WWW browser while the user is ``surfing'' the Web (HotJava is such a browser written in Java, and Netscape2.0 will support Java applets). While this idea is very powerful, it is also an invitation to security problems. The Java language and runtime system (which includes libraries, the compiler, and the bytecode interpreter) attempt to address these security issues, with the result that Sun claims Java will be secure. This paper evaluates the security issues raised by the Java language and its intended uses in Java enabled Web browsers and Java's proposed solutions. After a brief discussion on the background of executable content, this paper moves on to discuss the potential security risks of executable content, what Java's proposed solutions are, and finally an analysis of the effectiveness of those solutions. Background on Executable Content Executable content is the idea of sending around data that is actually code to be executed. Why is the idea of executable content so exciting? The answer is fairly simple. Power and expressiveness. Use of the World Wide Web has exploded over the past few years, along with this growth there have been many attempts to retrofit applications to the Web. While the Web has adapted to allow more interesting uses through forms and scripts that run on the server, these methods are extremely limiting. The ability to have users locally run a program written in a full-fledged programming language allows applications to be used directly over the Web. Not surprisingly Java is not alone with its idea of shipping aroun... Free Essays on Java Security Free Essays on Java Security Introduction Java is a new programming language from Sun Microsystems (currently in beta release). The Java language has a number of interesting properties. One property is that it is intended to be portable, even to the extent that programs can be dynamically loaded over the network and run locally. In particular, small programs called applets can be loaded and run by a user's WWW browser while the user is ``surfing'' the Web (HotJava is such a browser written in Java, and Netscape2.0 will support Java applets). While this idea is very powerful, it is also an invitation to security problems. The Java language and runtime system (which includes libraries, the compiler, and the bytecode interpreter) attempt to address these security issues, with the result that Sun claims Java will be secure. This paper evaluates the security issues raised by the Java language and its intended uses in Java enabled Web browsers and Java's proposed solutions. After a brief discussion on the background of executable content, this paper moves on to discuss the potential security risks of executable content, what Java's proposed solutions are, and finally an analysis of the effectiveness of those solutions. Background on Executable Content Executable content is the idea of sending around data that is actually code to be executed. Why is the idea of executable content so exciting? The answer is fairly simple. Power and expressiveness. Use of the World Wide Web has exploded over the past few years, along with this growth there have been many attempts to retrofit applications to the Web. While the Web has adapted to allow more interesting uses through forms and scripts that run on the server, these methods are extremely limiting. The ability to have users locally run a program written in a full-fledged programming language allows applications to be used directly over the Web. Not surprisingly Java is not alone with its idea of shipping aroun...

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